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NNNPDF3.0: Evidence for a modified partonic structure in heavy nuclei
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We present an updated determination of nuclear parton distributions (nPDFs) from a global NLO QCD analysis of hard processes in fixed-target lepton-nucleus and proton-nucleus together with collider proton-nucleus experiments. In addition to neutral- and charged-current deep-inelastic and Drell-Yan measurements on nuclear targets, we consider the information provided by the production of electroweak gauge bosons, isolated photons, jet pairs, and charmed mesons in proton-lead collisions at the LHC across centre-of-mass energies of 5.02 TeV (Run I) and 8.16 TeV (Run II). For the first time in a global nPDF analysis, the constraints from these various processes are accounted for both in the nuclear PDFs and in the free-proton PDF baseline. The extensive dataset underlying the nNNPDF3.0 determination, combined with its model-independent parametrisation, reveals strong evidence for nuclear-induced modifications of the partonic structure of heavy nuclei, specifically for the small-$x$ shadowing of gluons and sea quarks, as well as the large-$x$ anti-shadowing of gluons. As a representative phenomenological application, we provide predictions for ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon cross-sections, relevant for data interpretation at neutrino observatories. Our results provide key input for ongoing and future experimental programs, from that of heavy-ion collisions in controlled collider environments to the study of high-energy astrophysical processes.
Forward citations
Cited by 10 Pith papers
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Quark and gluon tomography of the helium-4 nucleus
Using NLO QCD calculations with twist corrections and evolution, the work delivers the first quark-gluon tomography of helium-4 via hard exclusive processes.
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Single inclusive hadron and jet production in lepton-hadron scattering
Single inclusive high-PT hadron and jet production in lepton-hadron scattering is factorized using a joint QCD+QED approach with universal lepton distribution functions, and predictions are given for JLab and EIC energies.
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Evidence for parton energy loss in oxygen$-$oxygen collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.36}$ TeV
Neutral-pion nuclear modification factors in OO collisions exhibit suppression at 4.9 sigma after subtracting cold-nuclear-matter effects via pO data, consistent with parton energy loss models.
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A First Account of the Impact of Ion Electromagnetic Dissociation on Event Exclusivity in Ultraperipheral LHC Collisions
Hadrons from ion electromagnetic dissociation break exclusivity conditions in ultraperipheral collisions, resolving tensions in exclusive muon-pair and coherent J/ψ measurements at the LHC.
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Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on helium-4 beyond leading power
Computes kinematic twist-3, twist-4 and NLO alpha_s corrections to coherent DVCS on He-4 and extracts the first 3D quark-gluon tomography of the nucleus.
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Observation of impact parameter dependent modifications of nuclear parton distributions in photonuclear Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports a 6 sigma observation that nuclear parton distribution modifications in photonuclear Pb+Pb collisions depend on impact parameter, shown by differing cross-section shapes versus x+ with and without forwar...
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Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on helium-4 beyond leading power
Higher-twist and NLO corrections to DVCS on He-4 enable the first 3D parton-level tomography of the helium-4 nucleus.
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Experimental Study of Bremsstrahlung Gamma Ray Emission and Short-Range Correlations in $^{124}$Sn+$^{124}$Sn Collisions at 25 MeV/u
Precision measurement of bremsstrahlung gamma rays in 124Sn+124Sn collisions at 25 MeV/u yields a high-momentum tail fraction of (20 ± 3)% in 124Sn when compared to IBUU simulations.
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Lepton interactions from GeV to EeV
Phenomenological study predicting incomplete tau polarization at FASER2, observable neutrino and muon trident processes, and contributions to hadron structure from IceCube neutrino events.
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Nuclear Cold QCD: Review and Future Strategy
Review summarizing observed cold nuclear matter modifications in hadron-nucleus collision data and proposing experimental strategies for the EIC to clarify underlying QCD mechanisms.
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