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Probing neutron-star matter in the lab: similarities and differences between binary mergers and heavy-ion collisions

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arxiv 2201.13150 v2 pith:FIGAMOCK submitted 2022-01-31 nucl-th astro-ph.HEgr-qc

Probing neutron-star matter in the lab: similarities and differences between binary mergers and heavy-ion collisions

classification nucl-th astro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords collisionsheavy-ionbinarymattermergersneutron-starcomparisonconditions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Binary neutron-star mergers and heavy-ion collisions are related through the properties of the hot and dense nuclear matter formed during these extreme events. In particular, low-energy heavy-ion collisions offer exciting prospects to recreate such {extreme} conditions in the laboratory. However, it remains unexplored to what degree those collisions can actually reproduce hot and dense matter formed in binary neutron star mergers. As a way to understand similarities and differences between these systems, we {discuss their geometry and }perform a direct numerical comparison of the thermodynamic conditions probed in both collisions. To enable a direct comparison, we employ a finite-temperature equation of state able to describe the entire high-energy phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics. Putting side by side the evolution of both systems, we find that laboratory heavy-ion collisions at the energy range of $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=0.4 - 0.6\ A$ MeV probe (thermodynamic) states of matter that are very similar to those created in binary neutron-star mergers. These results can inform future low-energy heavy-ion collisions probing this regime.

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