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Probing Parity-Violation with the Four-Point Correlation Function of BOSS Galaxies

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arxiv 2206.04227 v3 pith:CVJTR643 submitted 2022-06-09 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-th

Oliver H. E. Philcox This is my paper
classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
keywords parity-violationbossdetectionphysicstestboundscorrelationdata
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Parity-violating physics in the early Universe can leave detectable traces in late-time observables. Whilst vector- and tensor-type parity-violation can be observed in the $B$-modes of the cosmic microwave background, scalar-type signatures are visible only in the four-point correlation function (4PCF) and beyond. This work presents a blind test for parity-violation in the 4PCF of the BOSS CMASS sample, considering galaxy separations in the range $[20,160]h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$. The parity-odd 4PCF contains no contributions from standard $\Lambda$CDM physics and can be efficiently measured using recently developed estimators. Data are analyzed using both a non-parametric rank test (comparing the BOSS 4PCFs to those of realistic simulations) and a compressed $\chi^2$ analysis, with the former avoiding the assumption of a Gaussian likelihood. These find similar results, with the rank test giving a detection probability of $99.6\%$ ($2.9\sigma$). This provides significant evidence for parity-violation, either from cosmological sources or systematics. We perform a number of systematic tests: although these do not reveal any observational artefacts, we cannot exclude the possibility that our detection is caused by the simulations not faithfully representing the statistical properties of the BOSS data. Our measurements can be used to constrain physical models of parity-violation. As an example, we consider a coupling between the inflaton and a $U(1)$ gauge field and place bounds on the latter's energy density, which are several orders of magnitude stronger than those previously reported. Upcoming probes such as DESI and Euclid will reveal whether our detection of parity-violation is due to new physics, and strengthen the bounds on a variety of models.

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Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Testing parity with composite-field spectra of BOSS and DESI luminous red galaxies

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    No evidence for cosmological parity violation is found in the first kurto-spectrum analysis of BOSS DR12 and DESI DR1 luminous red galaxies.

  2. Unitary and Analytic Renormalisation of Cosmological Correlators

    hep-th 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Different dimensional regularization schemes agree with each other and with unitarity; new analytic eta regulators simplify the work and fix the imaginary part of one-loop coefficients by the logarithmic running of th...

  3. First astrometric constraints on parity-violation in the gravitational wave background

    astro-ph.CO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    First astrometric constraints on parity-violating SGWB amplitude are reported as h70²ΩV = -0.020 ± 0.025 (Gaia) and -0.004 ± 0.010 (VLBA) at 2σ, consistent with zero, over 4.2e-18 Hz to 1.1e-8 Hz.

  4. No evidence for parity violation in BOSS

    astro-ph.CO 2024-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    New statistics applied to BOSS data show the reported parity violation signal is consistent with zero after accounting for eight-point correlation function mismatch between data and mocks.

  5. Probing Parity Violation with Weak Lensing Trispectrum

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A parity-odd weak lensing convergence trispectrum is derived and forecast to be detectable with DES Y3/LSST Y10-like surveys under optimistic template amplitudes.

  6. Gravitational Wave Birefringence in generalized Palatini Chern Simons

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Palatini f(R)+Chern–Simons gravity predicts amplitude and velocity birefringence in GW propagation, with the effect controlled by f_R and, under de-Sitter approximations, growing polynomially with redshift.

  7. Circularly polarized gravitational waves from parity-violating scalar-tensor theory

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the "Qi-Xiu" parity-violating scalar-tensor theory, the L3 and L4 interactions leave linear gravitational-wave propagation GR-like but still generate circularly polarized scalar-induced gravitational waves.

  8. Parity-odd Four-Point Correlation Function from DESI Data Release 1 Luminous Red Galaxy Sample

    astro-ph.CO 2025-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    The parity-odd four-point correlation function measured in DESI DR1 LRGs is consistent with zero after correcting for survey-induced covariance mismatches.

  9. Parity Violation in Galaxy Shapes: Primordial Non-Gaussianity

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The parity-odd intrinsic alignment power spectrum probes the collapsed limit of the parity-odd primordial trispectrum and can tighten constraints on parity-violating PNG when bias parameters are calibrated from N-body...

  10. Measurement of Parity-Violating Modes of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Year 1 Luminous Red Galaxies' 4-Point Correlation Function

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DESI's first parity-violation search shows a strong auto-correlation signal that disappears when the sky is split into patches, pointing to underestimated mocks' variance rather than new physics.

  11. Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity and parity-violation through Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves with next-generation ground-based interferometers

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ET+CE forecast: injected SIGW parameters (A_p, f_peak, f_NL, tau_NL, parity-odd tau_tilde_NL) are recovered within 1-2 sigma despite an astrophysical foreground, but the chiral V-mode is sub-threshold (SNR 0.5-1.9).

  12. Theoretical and Observational Bounds on Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity as an Effective Field Theory

    hep-th 2026-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Causality from Shapiro delay and UV species/perturbativity bounds force the dynamical Chern-Simons coupling to be tiny for macroscopic gravitational systems.

  13. Theoretical and Observational Bounds on Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity as an Effective Field Theory

    hep-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity is bounded by causality and perturbativity to produce only tiny corrections on macroscopic gravitational systems.

  14. A Match Made in Heaven: Linking Observables in Inflationary Cosmology

    hep-th 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    In dynamical Chern-Simons inflation the parity-odd trispectrum is a double copy of the mixed bispectrum and parity-odd power spectrum via a prior factorization formula.

  15. Late-Time Cosmology and Structure Formation in Quadratic $f(Q)$ Gravity

    physics.gen-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.

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