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arxiv 2207.09307 v2 pith:GTSIBUH3 submitted 2022-07-19 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMphysics.data-an

A search for dark matter among Fermi-LAT unidentified sources with systematic features in Machine Learning

classification astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMphysics.data-an
keywords sourcesunidsdatafermi-latastrophysicalobservedaroundclassification
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Around one third of the point-like sources in the Fermi-LAT catalogs remain as unidentified sources (unIDs) today. Indeed, these unIDs lack a clear, univocal association with a known astrophysical source. If dark matter (DM) is composed of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), there is the exciting possibility that some of these unIDs may actually be DM sources, emitting gamma rays from WIMPs annihilation. We propose a new approach to solve the standard, Machine Learning (ML) binary classification problem of disentangling prospective DM sources (simulated data) from astrophysical sources (observed data) among the unIDs of the 4FGL Fermi-LAT catalogue. We artificially build two {\it systematic} features for the DM data which are originally inherent to observed data: the detection significance and the uncertainty on the spectral curvature. We do it by sampling from the observed population of unIDs, assuming that the DM distributions would, if any, follow the latter. We consider different ML models: Logistic Regression, Neural Network (NN), Naive Bayes and Gaussian Process, out of which the best, in terms of classification accuracy, is the NN, achieving around $93.3\% \pm 0.7\%$ performance. Other ML evaluation parameters, such as the True Negative and True Positive rates, are discussed in our work. Applying the NN to the unIDs sample, we find that the degeneracy between some astrophysical and DM sources can be partially solved within this methodology. Nonetheless, we conclude that there are no DM source candidates among the pool of 4FGL Fermi-LAT unIDs.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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  1. Weakly supervised machine learning for model-agnostic searches of new phenomena in the $\gamma$-ray sky

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Weakly supervised classifiers trained on background-versus-mixture samples can identify anomalous gamma-ray sources without labeled signal templates, approaching supervised performance in controlled benchmarks.

  2. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory to Gamma-Ray Signals in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CTAO could set competitive limits on dark matter annihilation cross sections from dwarf irregular galaxies, reaching around 2×10^{-24} cm³/s for 100 GeV WIMPs in the tau channel and exceeding dwarf spheroidal expectat...

  3. Deeper analysis of Fermi-LAT unassociated 4FGL J2112.5-3043 for possible identification

    astro-ph.HE 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Analysis of an unidentified Fermi gamma-ray source shows inconclusive results with a mild spectral preference for dark matter annihilation over a pulsar origin.