Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 63 of 63 outbound references and 49 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2301.13688.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:12:01.959889Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
63 of 63 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
112
pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Observation 88ecd95e-0d87-4cd6-9ffe-b38ca88be16c · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 758bf1d2-352a-4fa2-b9a5-281ebeee917a · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning ExT5: Towards Extreme Multi-Task Scaling for Transfer Learning
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 55e43099-3482-451d-85df-ebd291ec9cc3 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation e3d767d0-0bfd-493e-bf24-3b981e5bb898 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 191e9a6c-88e7-46f7-a625-1f500d941dda · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation f4c705d9-8374-4a61-b399-af917374a6a1 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questions
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 007c7c0d-f10d-4685-9402-12603d50563f · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 566f9c65-e838-4fd9-9b53-8c973d4fd65a · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 39ca9f85-0faa-44ca-89d7-2ab596c641d8 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Ashwin Devaraj, William Sheffield, Byron Wallace, and Junyi Jessy Li
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation f08f2921-9726-48a4-af47-1dcae35af14c · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.506
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation f9546078-ba96-417e-bb62-bfed3f8f2bf1 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 1d4874ce-68d1-452e-8c9d-6571b2c9dada · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation bfbcf1f5-3f93-4d96-956c-26ec11919194 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning RARR: Researching and Revising What Language Models Say, Using Language Models
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1b11db04-25bd-472b-8a8a-ce02b4b07332 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgements
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 27c10157-d483-4577-b583-bf0f2533baac · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning InstructDial: Improving Zero and Few-shot Generalization in Dialogue through Instruction Tuning
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation a2645ea3-9151-4172-b565-948c48458d92 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 9663fafa-0bbc-44dd-9420-1a0b4a6141d9 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Unnatural Instructions: Tuning Language Models with (Almost) No Human Labor
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 94410ea9-18c3-431e-9639-5335ed401f6d · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation b389261a-b517-4603-a6b1-730ae51dde7d · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Models
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 96f42c8a-bdde-486f-b40e-2b454eb6f8ea · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalization
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b359bcc1-3ac0-4a57-a734-41eb4b9c8dfc · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Unifying Question Answering, Text Classification, and Regression via Span Extraction
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0355d574-abc3-4ea4-965d-4dd4f895e36c · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning UnifiedQA:CrossingformatboundarieswithasingleQAsystem
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 85860fe8-a151-43d3-80ed-41bcf4e5960b · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 36e845d8-0fb5-44ac-908f-28b28ba2d259 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 39b91a90-e6d3-4206-999a-16047ba7b1de · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning URL https://aclanthology.org/2021
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 652f9de8-2d45-45eb-957a-44ac01cc6f35 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning doi: 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.703
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation d2c7414a-13ce-438c-b0be-6a901b70ffa2 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7952597a-2c8b-440a-a7c1-8d0fbfe56a32 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning WANLI: Worker and AI Collaboration for Natural Language Inference Dataset Creation
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d5a792ae-baff-4851-89af-9ec7db23773a · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Howeffectiveistask-agnosticdataaugmentationforpretrained transformers? In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020 , pages 4401–4411
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6f1422e9-134d-4586-bd2d-f0523c0a9afb · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Entity- based knowledge conflicts in question answering
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c2039fdc-bba2-4659-9b40-8739e7cb410c · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning On faithfulness and factuality in abstractive summarization
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6e92a788-a5bb-4ca0-8d4b-36b4db5e3374 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 214b2b0b-62d4-4551-aae7-98a684c98977 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning The Radicalization Risks of GPT-3 and Advanced Neural Language Models
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 953fa6ca-4fed-43c7-a4cc-7e6f6305e94a · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Sewon Min, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation b2fc5103-797a-460a-9e3c-88973ca45451 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Cross-Task Generalization via Natural Language Crowdsourcing Instructions
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation ad200f19-f2c0-4d95-b20e-0945d6d22325 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e7fdd210-08c4-41bd-9075-65c2bf569d97 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 9c031496-28f5-4758-bd74-ee1c62efefc5 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 85c5b8f5-c6b0-4717-9974-8f65e39edda0 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Arkil Patel, Satwik Bhattamishra, and Navin Goyal
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation a3b286bc-cc6f-4794-9bbf-53d334864877 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7029cad0-0da8-4c8c-89d5-c5dfb2272b1b · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 3f9f7ea4-bdca-4847-b506-dcda38b9928f · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning CONDAQA: A Contrastive Reading Comprehension Dataset for Reasoning about Negation
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation a5886f98-9e55-4429-910e-7a75f63e791d · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Scaling Up Models and Data with $\texttt{t5x}$ and $\texttt{seqio}$
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation ea36860d-4974-4bbe-987d-975332d705fe · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning VictorSanh,AlbertWebson,ColinRaffel,StephenH.Bach,LintangSutawika,ZaidAlyafeai,AntoineChaffin, Arnaud Stiegler, Teven Le Scao, Arun Raja, et al
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 27525df6-af94-4eb8-82a3-2bf087a6ad6c · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 40bb1f13-0ede-415c-8537-0ddbcd0e54e0 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning doi: 10.18653/v1/D19-1339
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 7d666164-e69e-43d1-9965-309b6f602f02 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e208446e-2900-4851-90ab-8b131f407bb0 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 2676db0a-d9b8-45b7-ba3b-7aca5b8e5b5f · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation dc988501-a154-4fa9-bcc8-629729128d63 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Unresolved cited work
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 4a0dd766-ef91-4a66-ad69-16caea522272 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigms
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 8b82d451-d934-49ef-9060-ae40e5b40fc1 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 5a1fa59e-4c6c-4e91-a742-6339456d7490 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Tu Vu, Brian Lester, Noah Constant, Rami Al-Rfou’, and Daniel Cer
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation a349c555-02a3-4f1b-9426-9251f979781b · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Nikhil Kandpal, Matt Gardner, and Sameer Singh
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation bf86fed8-c129-46ac-bdce-1f829f823232 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning doi: 10.18653/v1/D19-1221
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation ac462a33-3b21-43aa-9cf4-c6e06d0879dc · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning What Language Model Architecture and Pretraining Objective Work Best for Zero-Shot Generalization?
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation fde93e06-3f15-492a-85ab-da365e81ff90 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning MultiInstruct: Improving Multi-Modal Zero-Shot Learning via Instruction Tuning
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 0f47fd42-e406-4835-b7f5-fe8fcceeedc7 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning CrossFit: A Few-shot Learning Challenge for Cross-task Generalization in NLP
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 3865ca79-b7cc-46ae-9889-4cbf4d73efa6 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Model
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 6c44102c-db25-4f48-82e0-b50ca30988da · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 20fec69b-aea8-49e1-b731-d5160d64d548 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning 20 A.2 Single-Task Finetuning
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 3fe5f7b9-4382-4aee-99f4-80e76fab46e2 · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning These datasets are contained in the Flan 2022 finetuning collection and represent challenging benchmarks, often used to evaluate LLMs on QA and NLI
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 5fa64225-82be-454f-9568-4994eb573dbc · outbound
The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning Unresolved cited work
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 7243a705-f6df-4dc9-9652-b79c103cdd77 · inbound
Language Is Not All You Need: Aligning Perception with Language Models The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 39128a26-8fef-4469-b28a-93936a101372 · inbound
HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Face The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 014b4f8b-13c2-4964-96c0-d25dce40f900 · inbound
CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 8720e55b-4b15-4442-85a2-5798fb669470 · inbound
A Survey of Large Language Models The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 201
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 793432f6-6789-403a-b1d3-9b9586be4b43 · inbound
WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructions The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 6a9d8022-4806-4004-a433-e4cbbe58ea2f · inbound
PaLM 2 Technical Report The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 92
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 3359ad56-3dfc-4b37-a7d0-d5327f84cc41 · inbound
Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversations The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning
Reference 246
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