Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 33 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2303.17548.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2303.17548 v1

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 33 of 33 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

97
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 41694405-2dd8-47e8-ba1a-7c42b81e8e95 · inbound

AI-Augmented Surveys: Leveraging Large Language Models and Surveys for Opinion Prediction cites this paper.

AI-Augmented Surveys: Leveraging Large Language Models and Surveys for Opinion Prediction Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 87

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-24T08:49:13.971759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3bb0eabc-16d5-4814-8a1c-55251716325a · inbound

A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment cites this paper.

A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 205

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T14:37:53.503439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bf016dbe-7264-4835-98f9-511b842736fb · inbound

Task-driven Layerwise Additive Activation Intervention cites this paper.

Task-driven Layerwise Additive Activation Intervention Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c0208d2-dce4-4223-8d9b-8b062fee3328 · inbound

Language Agents as Digital Representatives in Collective Decision-Making cites this paper.

Language Agents as Digital Representatives in Collective Decision-Making Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T21:50:02.983995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3abe2516-0b18-487e-96fe-0ee2b5372429 · inbound

Twin-2K-500: A dataset for building digital twins of over 2,000 people based on their answers to over 500 questions cites this paper.

Twin-2K-500: A dataset for building digital twins of over 2,000 people based on their answers to over 500 questions Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:49:14.204156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bec288b0-ee52-422c-ab3b-04bf92a2e887 · inbound

Recalibrating the Compass: Integrating Large Language Models into Classical Research Methods cites this paper.

Recalibrating the Compass: Integrating Large Language Models into Classical Research Methods Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:37.527442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f027e81-5a0f-4b36-8ad7-a09fece87a93 · inbound

SynthesizeMe! Inducing Persona-Guided Prompts for Personalized Reward Models in LLMs cites this paper.

SynthesizeMe! Inducing Persona-Guided Prompts for Personalized Reward Models in LLMs Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:19:35.466430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 079191d5-e633-46f3-8ebf-00d98b2042d3 · inbound

Revisiting LLM Value Probing Strategies: Are They Robust and Expressive? cites this paper.

Revisiting LLM Value Probing Strategies: Are They Robust and Expressive? Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:28:28.400353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a62397ac-0309-498e-b400-4c80d70a68ec · inbound

Analysis of Threat-Based Manipulation in Large Language Models: A Dual Perspective on Vulnerabilities and Performance Enhancement Opportunities cites this paper.

Analysis of Threat-Based Manipulation in Large Language Models: A Dual Perspective on Vulnerabilities and Performance Enhancement Opportunities Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:10:57.624128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9901895-91c6-4ecc-8ee2-58da1dd47637 · inbound

Position: Stop Evaluating AI with Human Tests, Develop Principled, AI-specific Tests instead cites this paper.

Position: Stop Evaluating AI with Human Tests, Develop Principled, AI-specific Tests instead Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 68

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T02:12:55.692889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7642c75f-f6cd-46bb-af0a-42e2bdd4bbcb · inbound

Interaction Protocol Shapes Moral Judgment in Multi-Agent Debate cites this paper.

Interaction Protocol Shapes Moral Judgment in Multi-Agent Debate Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T10:25:54.493112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3356ac9d-e564-4ab5-9ef4-201e67079726 · inbound

Value-Action Alignment in Large Language Models under Privacy-Prosocial Conflict cites this paper.

Value-Action Alignment in Large Language Models under Privacy-Prosocial Conflict Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:19:18.561042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cf053998-d0d8-4909-ab34-28683f799a8c · inbound

Belief-Sim: Towards Belief-Driven Simulation of Demographic Misinformation Susceptibility cites this paper.

Belief-Sim: Towards Belief-Driven Simulation of Demographic Misinformation Susceptibility Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T19:06:34.243099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09e537ef-a10c-4430-ad0c-0023daeb180e · inbound

Large Language Models Exhibit Normative Conformity cites this paper.

Large Language Models Exhibit Normative Conformity Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T12:51:05.630182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b6f693a8-f986-4b12-8789-5b084b53cf44 · inbound

The Granularity Axis: A Micro-to-Macro Latent Direction for Social Roles in Language Models cites this paper.

The Granularity Axis: A Micro-to-Macro Latent Direction for Social Roles in Language Models Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T20:11:08.815124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2369101d-dfbb-4f6b-a476-977fa22cc293 · inbound

LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs cites this paper.

LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 10

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T05:00:57.052109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b97ecb3c-f75b-48a8-bf90-a21bce9f8441 · inbound

LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs cites this paper.

LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 10

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T13:35:46.432198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 12553557-1020-468b-934d-4ef5313d8027 · inbound

Positive Alignment: Artificial Intelligence for Human Flourishing cites this paper.

Positive Alignment: Artificial Intelligence for Human Flourishing Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 171

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T05:59:47.879798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ecba9a69-88c0-4506-a402-953f4b06774c · inbound

Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement cites this paper.

Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 44

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T06:36:25.387674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5752b952-dd5d-4dd7-b8f2-9ebad438023b · inbound

Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement cites this paper.

Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T22:23:48.481887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 10884b19-6bc8-40a8-98de-c8e7d882807c · inbound

TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching cites this paper.

TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 116

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T04:57:17.240266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 888b70a3-f157-481f-a33d-98948c2f6bea · inbound

TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching cites this paper.

TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 116

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T05:45:06.438503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 480b9a33-c3bb-44b3-8416-c65f6cb02db6 · inbound

Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models cites this paper.

Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 29

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T21:49:05.170384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5f0b29d7-7b45-4701-acfa-e36b400fdbc1 · inbound

Narrative Sharpens Gender Gaps: Surveying Film Characters with LLM Agents cites this paper.

Narrative Sharpens Gender Gaps: Surveying Film Characters with LLM Agents Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T04:51:05.838495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e2636489-93cd-489d-9be1-8a471c982b76 · inbound

Emergent Collaborative Deliberation in Multi-Model AI Systems: A BFT-Derived Protocol for Epistemic Synthesis cites this paper.

Emergent Collaborative Deliberation in Multi-Model AI Systems: A BFT-Derived Protocol for Epistemic Synthesis Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-13T17:56:39.720418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23395dc4-686e-4692-84c7-ae4beb8e980e · inbound

Personal Salience: Highlighting Is Social, but Individuality Lives in Selection cites this paper.

Personal Salience: Highlighting Is Social, but Individuality Lives in Selection Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T03:37:35.848199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0e2ae305-93b7-4906-840f-bfb76bff2f2a · inbound

In-Context Learning for the Imputation of Public Opinion Data with Large Language Models cites this paper.

In-Context Learning for the Imputation of Public Opinion Data with Large Language Models Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-27T16:31:02.033558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c86620a6-c9be-476e-afa8-0fbe318d8e28 · inbound

Two Wrongs, No Right: Auditing Social-Desirability Bias in LLM Annotators for Computational Social Science cites this paper.

Two Wrongs, No Right: Auditing Social-Desirability Bias in LLM Annotators for Computational Social Science Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 12

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T13:55:46.435773Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 1646e3aa-b8cb-48ab-96fc-9e5adfdda65c · inbound

Assert, don't describe: Linguistic features that shift LLM reasoning about animal welfare cites this paper.

Assert, don't describe: Linguistic features that shift LLM reasoning about animal welfare Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 17

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T08:05:31.125189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7740e35c-0f7a-444a-883b-72dcf6c293f3 · inbound

A Scalable Approach to Evaluating Moral Sensitivity in LLMs cites this paper.

A Scalable Approach to Evaluating Moral Sensitivity in LLMs Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 152

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T05:44:33.099337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04740a66-b7bd-4838-ba7a-8088b8704d70 · inbound

The One-Word Census: Answer-Choice Conformity Across 44 Language Models cites this paper.

The One-Word Census: Answer-Choice Conformity Across 44 Language Models Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T06:23:48.159801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ba39488-7509-402c-9fe1-2cbadc4ef1fa · inbound

Training with (Swap) Regret Loss in a Single-Layer Self-Attention Model: A Case Study on the Probability Simplex cites this paper.

Training with (Swap) Regret Loss in a Single-Layer Self-Attention Model: A Case Study on the Probability Simplex Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 248

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T23:52:12.446024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92553389-a679-450d-84c1-c57087215f84 · inbound

OptimismBench: Forecasting Bias and the Alignment Effect in Language Model Judgment cites this paper.

OptimismBench: Forecasting Bias and the Alignment Effect in Language Model Judgment Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-30T15:06:26.256009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.