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Observation of false vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids

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arxiv 2305.05225 v1 pith:K5CU4MDG submitted 2023-05-09 hep-ph cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechhep-thquant-ph

classification hep-phcond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechhep-thquant-ph
keywords decaynucleationatomicbubblefalsefieldquantumstate
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In quantum field theory, the decay of an extended metastable state into the real ground state is known as ``false vacuum decay'' and it takes place via the nucleation of spatially localized bubbles. Despite the large theoretical effort to estimate the nucleation rate, experimental observations were still missing. Here, we observe bubble nucleation in isolated and highly controllable superfluid atomic systems, and we find good agreement between our results, numerical simulations and instanton theory opening the way to the emulation of out-of-equilibrium quantum field phenomena in atomic systems.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Quantum field nucleating and Wigner functions

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.5 of 10

    The one-loop over-the-barrier nucleation rate in a thermal QFT is Affleck’s formula generalized to fields, not Linde’s, and still carries quantum prefactor effects even when the bounce is classically symmetric.

  2. Dynamics of nucleation in thermal phase transitions

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The thermal nucleation rate is the transition-state estimate multiplied by one minus the re-crossing probability, and oscillons make that correction large.

  3. False vacuum decay in long-range interacting quantum systems

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    In long-range Ising chains the false-vacuum bounce action scales as B∼h^{-1/σ} for σ<1 and recovers Coleman B∼h^{-1} (plus h^{σ-2} corrections) for 1<σ<2, with algebraic tails that leave the leading exponents intact.

  4. Langer's nucleation rate reproduced on the lattice

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    With a new gradient-descent definition of the metastable phase, lattice simulations reproduce Langer's nucleation rate for the first time in a conservative system.

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