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Observation of false vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids
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In quantum field theory, the decay of an extended metastable state into the real ground state is known as ``false vacuum decay'' and it takes place via the nucleation of spatially localized bubbles. Despite the large theoretical effort to estimate the nucleation rate, experimental observations were still missing. Here, we observe bubble nucleation in isolated and highly controllable superfluid atomic systems, and we find good agreement between our results, numerical simulations and instanton theory opening the way to the emulation of out-of-equilibrium quantum field phenomena in atomic systems.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Quantum field nucleating and Wigner functions
The one-loop over-the-barrier nucleation rate in a thermal QFT is Affleck’s formula generalized to fields, not Linde’s, and still carries quantum prefactor effects even when the bounce is classically symmetric.
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Dynamics of nucleation in thermal phase transitions
The thermal nucleation rate is the transition-state estimate multiplied by one minus the re-crossing probability, and oscillons make that correction large.
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False vacuum decay in long-range interacting quantum systems
In long-range Ising chains the false-vacuum bounce action scales as B∼h^{-1/σ} for σ<1 and recovers Coleman B∼h^{-1} (plus h^{σ-2} corrections) for 1<σ<2, with algebraic tails that leave the leading exponents intact.
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Langer's nucleation rate reproduced on the lattice
With a new gradient-descent definition of the metastable phase, lattice simulations reproduce Langer's nucleation rate for the first time in a conservative system.
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