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Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data -- towards solving the GW inverse problem

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arxiv 2306.14856 v4 pith:GTN4ROIL submitted 2023-06-26 hep-ph astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qc

Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data -- towards solving the GW inverse problem

classification hep-ph astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qc
keywords gravitationalbackgroundcosmologicaldatamodelmodelsnano-hertzprimordial
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported first hints for a stochastic gravitational wave background at nano-Hertz frequencies. Here we elaborate on the possibility that this signal comes from new physics that leads to the generation of a primordial stochastic gravitational wave background. We propose a set of simple but concrete models that can serve as benchmarks for gravitational waves sourced by cosmological phase transitions, domain wall networks, cosmic strings, axion dynamics, or large scalar fluctuations. These models are then confronted with pulsar timing data and with cosmological constraints. With only a limited number of free parameters per model, we are able to identify viable regions of parameter space and also make predictions for future astrophysical and laboratory tests that can help with model identification and discrimination.

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