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Accelerating LLM Inference with Staged Speculative Decoding

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arxiv 2308.04623 v1 pith:DKP6BOW5 submitted 2023-08-08 cs.AI cs.CL

Accelerating LLM Inference with Staged Speculative Decoding

classification cs.AI cs.CL
keywords decodingspeculativeinferencebatchsecondsmall-batchstagedaccelerate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recent advances with large language models (LLM) illustrate their diverse capabilities. We propose a novel algorithm, staged speculative decoding, to accelerate LLM inference in small-batch, on-device scenarios. We address the low arithmetic intensity of small-batch inference by improving upon previous work in speculative decoding. First, we restructure the speculative batch as a tree, which reduces generation costs and increases the expected tokens per batch. Second, we add a second stage of speculative decoding. Taken together, we reduce single-batch decoding latency by 3.16x with a 762M parameter GPT-2-L model while perfectly preserving output quality.

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Forward citations

Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Trees from Marginals: Autoregressive drafting with factorized priors

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    Weaver restores conditional dependencies on top-K factorized marginals to build high-acceptance draft trees, plus a fused GDN tree-verify kernel, yielding 4.37× AR speedup and 24.7% over DFlash.

  2. Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CaDDTree jointly selects tree structure and budget to maximize expected tokens per unit time in speculative decoding, proving unimodality under convex verification cost and matching oracle DDTree performance on Qwen models.

  3. Continuous Semantic Caching for Low-Cost LLM Serving

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Establishes the first rigorous framework for continuous semantic caching of LLM responses using ε-net discretization and kernel ridge regression, with sublinear regret bounds.

  4. WISV: Wireless-Informed Semantic Verification for Distributed Speculative Decoding in Device-Edge LLM Inference

    cs.IT 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    WISV uses a channel-aware semantic acceptance policy on hidden representations to boost accepted sequence length by up to 60.8% and cut interaction rounds by 37.3% in distributed speculative decoding, with under 1% ac...

  5. Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads

    cs.LG 2024-01 conditional novelty 7.0

    Medusa augments LLMs with multiple decoding heads and tree-based attention to predict and verify several tokens in parallel, yielding 2.2-3.6x inference speedup via two fine-tuning regimes.

  6. StickyInvoc: Rethinking Task Models for High-throughput Workflows in the LLM Era

    cs.DC 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    StickyInvoc introduces sticky tasks that load LLM model state once and invocation tasks that reuse it, yielding 3.6x speedup on a 150k-inference workflow.

  7. CLP: Collocation-Length Prediction for Zero-Loss Adaptive Multi-Token Inference

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CLP is a lightweight linear predictor for safe multi-token spans in LLM decoding that delivers 1.14x-1.29x speedup on Qwen2.5 models with zero measured quality degradation.

  8. Open-Loop Planning, Closed-Loop Verification: Speculative Verification for VLA

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SV-VLA uses infrequent heavy VLA planning of action chunks plus a lightweight closed-loop verifier to achieve both efficiency and robustness in dynamic robot control.

  9. EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty

    cs.LG 2024-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    EAGLE resolves feature-level uncertainty in speculative sampling via one-step token advancement, delivering 2.7x-3.5x speedup on LLaMA2-Chat 70B and doubled throughput across multiple model families and tasks.

  10. AdaptiveSD A Stability-Aware, Runtime-Adaptive Speculative Decoding Framework with Multi-Policy Orchestration for CPU-Constrained LLM Inference

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5

    A runtime-adaptive speculative decoder with an 11-rule hierarchy and multi-policy engine keeps wasted draft compute under ~32% and bounds latency variance on CPU-constrained GGUF inference.

  11. RTP-LLM: High-Performance Alibaba LLM Inference Engine

    cs.OS 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    RTP-LLM is a new LLM inference engine achieving 4.7x-6.3x model loading speedup and 1.12x-2.52x throughput gains over vLLM and SGLang via disaggregated phases, multi-tier KV cache, and modular optimizations in product...

  12. A Survey on Efficient Inference for Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2024-04 accept novelty 3.0

    The paper surveys techniques to speed up and reduce the resource needs of LLM inference, organized by data-level, model-level, and system-level changes, with comparative experiments on representative methods.

  13. Small Language Models (SLMs) Can Still Pack a Punch: A survey (updated 2026)

    cs.CL 2025-01 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A literature survey of Small Language Models (1-8B parameters) that can perform comparably or better than larger models, covering general-purpose and task-specific approaches plus creation techniques.