High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · arXiv:2308.07166 v2 · submitted 14 Aug 2023
Magnetic monopole meets primordial black hole: an extended analysis
The paper says
“Therefore, the monopole problem cannot be solved by PBH capture in a radiation-dominated era in the early universe.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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The paper
Abstract
We investigate gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes (PBH) that evaporate before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), a hypothetical process which was once proposed as an alternative solution to the monopole problem. Magnetic monopoles produced in phase transitions of a grand or partially unified gauge theory are considered. We prove analytically that for all extended PBH mass functions that preserve radiation domination, it is impossible to reduce the monopole abundance via gravitational capture by PBHs to values significantly below the one set by monopole annihilation (or below its initial abundance if it is smaller), regardless of the nature of the capture process (diffusive or non-diffusive). Therefore, the monopole problem cannot be solved by PBH capture in a radiation-dominated era in the early universe.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.70 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.20 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.16 · compares with prior results 0.64 · mentions code or data availability 0.01
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| We investigate gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes (PBH) that evaporate before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), a hypothetical process which was once proposed as an alternative solution to the monopole problem. | contribution 0.80 | 0.49 | 0.04 | asserted 0.51 |
| Magnetic monopoles produced in phase transitions of a grand or partially unified gauge theory are considered. | background 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.02 | asserted 0.69 |
| We prove analytically that for all extended PBH mass functions that preserve radiation domination, it is impossible to reduce the monopole abundance via gravitational capture by PBHs to values significantly below the one set by monopole annihilation (or below its initial abundance if it is smaller), regardless of the nature of the capture process (diffusive or non-diffusive). | result 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.83 | asserted 1.00 |
| Therefore, the monopole problem cannot be solved by PBH capture in a radiation-dominated era in the early universe. | interpretation 0.93 | 0.82 | 0.94 | asserted 1.00 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00
What was examined, and what was not
Sources read
- arXiv listing abstract v2
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
Levels run
- P abstract
Not run
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,710 input tokens.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
Cited by 2 Pith papers
Reviewed papers on Pith that cite this one. The full citation record
How the literature uses it
7 arXiv papers cite this in 8 sentences
Papers whose main result relates to this one's
States a conflicting result 2 papers
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We propose a solution to the cosmological monopole problem: Primordial black holes, produced in the early universe, can accrete magnetic monopoles before the relics dominate the energy density of the universe.
A black hole solution to the cosmological monopole problem · 0.99
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With these new considerations, we find that solutions to the problem still exist within a certain parameter space.
The primordial black holes solution to the cosmological monopole problem · 0.93
Papers citing it · 2 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as background 5 papers
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In recent times, the last of these proposed candidates—PBHs—have been of significant interest [ref] .
Exploring Faraday rotation signatures and population bounds for primordial magnetic black holes · Introduction · 0.93
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The black holes in these mergers may have two distinct origins: astrophysical black holes (ABHs) formed through stellar evolution [ref] , and primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early universe when enhanced curvature perturbations re-entered the horizon and collapsed [ref] .
Synergy between CSST and future gravitational-wave detectors: Probing primordial black holes by cross-correlating dark sirens with galaxies · Introduction · 0.97
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Cosmological phase transitions [ref] can produce them through the Kibble or Kibble-Zurek mechanism [ref] , with their surviving abundance determined by phase transition dynamics and defect evolution [ref] .
Self-Consistent Parker Bound on Magnetic Monopoles · Introduction · 0.94
What it cites · 66 sentences without a confident label
Contests 1 paper
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Ref. [ref] has used a gravitational capture cross section that is derived from solving the geodesic motion of a test massive particle in a Schwarzschild geometry, which does not make sense in the diffusive regime when $r_c^>ℓ$.
A black hole solution to the cosmological monopole problem · Modelling of diffusive monopole capture by PBHs · contest 0.91
Builds on 1 paper
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[ref] to extended PBH mass functions and different capture types (diffusive and non-diffusive) within the assumption of radiation domination in the early universe.
Gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes in the early universe · Discussion and conclusions · 1.00
Compares with 1 paper
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[ref] would lead to $F∝T^3$ while Eq. [ref] leads to $F∝T$ (assuming $n_∝T^3$).
A black hole solution to the cosmological monopole problem · Modelling of diffusive monopole capture by PBHs · 0.82
Cites as support 2 papers
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Even if PBHs evaporate before BBN, their abundance is constrained through the associated effect of induced gravitational waves [ref] , limiting their ability of gravitational capture even in the matter domination period.
Gravitational waves from a universe filled with primordial black holes · Discussion and conclusions · 0.96
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Even if PBHs evaporate before BBN, their abundance is constrained through the associated effect of induced gravitational waves [ref] , limiting their ability of gravitational capture even in the matter domination period.
Gravitational waves induced from primordial black hole fluctuations: The effect of an extended mass function · Discussion and conclusions · 0.96
Cites as background 19 papers
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Here we review gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by PBHs [ref] , which depends on the PBH mass and energy density fraction, but not its formation mechanism.
Gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes in the early universe · Modelling of diffusive monopole capture by PBHs · 0.93
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PBHs may form from primordial density fluctuations and a number of other mechanisms in the early universe [ref] .
Primordial Black Holes - Perspectives in Gravitational Wave Astronomy - · Modelling of diffusive monopole capture by PBHs · 1.00
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PBHs may form from primordial density fluctuations and a number of other mechanisms in the early universe [ref] .
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes · Modelling of diffusive monopole capture by PBHs · 1.00
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