Pith. sign in

REVIEW 7 cited by

How do Language Models Bind Entities in Context?

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2310.17191 v2 pith:JJNRQPM3 submitted 2023-10-26 cs.LG cs.AIcs.CL

How do Language Models Bind Entities in Context?

classification cs.LG cs.AIcs.CL
keywords bindingbindentitiesin-contextvectorsattributescontextgeneral
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

To correctly use in-context information, language models (LMs) must bind entities to their attributes. For example, given a context describing a "green square" and a "blue circle", LMs must bind the shapes to their respective colors. We analyze LM representations and identify the binding ID mechanism: a general mechanism for solving the binding problem, which we observe in every sufficiently large model from the Pythia and LLaMA families. Using causal interventions, we show that LMs' internal activations represent binding information by attaching binding ID vectors to corresponding entities and attributes. We further show that binding ID vectors form a continuous subspace, in which distances between binding ID vectors reflect their discernability. Overall, our results uncover interpretable strategies in LMs for representing symbolic knowledge in-context, providing a step towards understanding general in-context reasoning in large-scale LMs.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Slot Machines: How LLMs Keep Track of Multiple Entities

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    LLM activations encode current and prior entities in orthogonal slots, but models only use the current slot for explicit factual retrieval despite prior-slot information being linearly decodable.

  2. Cell-Based Representation of Relational Binding in Language Models

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Large language models encode relational bindings via a cell-based representation: a low-dimensional linear subspace in which each cell corresponds to an entity-relation index pair and attributes are retrieved from the...

  3. Input Pathways Shape Few-Shot, Not Zero-Shot, Binding in Tiny Transformers: A Fully-Enumerable Study

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    In information-matched tiny transformers, zero-shot compositional binding fails for every route, while few-shot efficiency is governed by input-pathway sharing and code readability.

  4. Relational Rank Geometry in Transformers: Detecting and Steering Hidden-State Relation Frames

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Transformer hidden states contain rank-indexed orientation signatures for true r-argument relations (r=3-6) that survive surface controls and can be patched to alter model outputs on relation tasks.

  5. The Position Curse: LLMs Struggle to Locate the Last Few Items in a List

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LLMs exhibit the Position Curse, with backward position retrieval in lists lagging far behind forward retrieval, showing only partial gains from PosBench fine-tuning.

  6. How to use and interpret activation patching

    cs.LG 2024-04 accept novelty 5.0

    Activation patching provides evidence about neural network circuits when the choice of metric is aligned with the hypothesis and common interpretation errors are avoided.

  7. AI Safety Landscape for Large Language Models: Taxonomy, State-of-the-art, and Future Directions

    cs.AI 2024-08 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    The paper introduces a taxonomy of AI safety for LLMs organized into Trustworthy AI, Responsible AI, and Safe AI perspectives, accompanied by a review of state-of-the-art methods, challenges, and future directions.