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Learning to Act without Actions

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arxiv 2312.10812 v2 pith:ONKWQES7 submitted 2023-12-17 cs.LG cs.AI

Learning to Act without Actions

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords modelspoliciesactionlapovideosamountsdatadynamics
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Pre-training large models on vast amounts of web data has proven to be an effective approach for obtaining powerful, general models in domains such as language and vision. However, this paradigm has not yet taken hold in reinforcement learning. This is because videos, the most abundant form of embodied behavioral data on the web, lack the action labels required by existing methods for imitating behavior from demonstrations. We introduce Latent Action Policies (LAPO), a method for recovering latent action information, and thereby latent-action policies, world models, and inverse dynamics models, purely from videos. LAPO is the first method able to recover the structure of the true action space just from observed dynamics, even in challenging procedurally-generated environments. LAPO enables training latent-action policies that can be rapidly fine-tuned into expert-level policies, either offline using a small action-labeled dataset, or online with rewards. LAPO takes a first step towards pre-training powerful, generalist policies and world models on the vast amounts of videos readily available on the web.

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Forward citations

Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. PearlVLA: Progressive Embodied Action-Plan Refinement in Latent Space

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PearlVLA achieves SOTA on LIBERO by separating VLM representations into visual grounding and an iterative latent plan branch refined via world model queries and RefineNet with process-reward RL.

  2. Render, Don't Decode: Weight-Space World Models with Latent Structural Disentanglement

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    NOVA represents world states as INR weights for decoder-free rendering, compactness, and unsupervised disentanglement of background, foreground, and motion in video world models.

  3. UniLACT: Depth-Aware RGB Latent Action Learning for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    UniLACT improves VLA models by adding depth-aware unified latent action pretraining that outperforms RGB-only baselines on seen and unseen manipulation tasks.

  4. Causally Debiased Latent Action Model for Embodied Action Conditioned World Models

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Three lightweight LAM fine-tuning objectives (foreground-weighted reconstruction, primitive contrastive learning, zero-transition calibration) debias latent actions and yield stronger, cheaper robot-action following i...

  5. LARA: Latent Action Representation Alignment for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LARA jointly optimizes LAM and VLA models via representation alignment to improve robotic manipulation performance using human videos.

  6. CLAW: Learning Continuous Latent Action World Models via Adversarial Latent Regularization

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CLAW is an end-to-end self-supervised method that learns semantically meaningful continuous latent actions and predictive world models from action-free videos to support imitation learning and goal-directed planning.

  7. Cosmos 3: Omnimodal World Models for Physical AI

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Cosmos 3 presents a unified omnimodal world model family based on mixture-of-transformers that processes language, vision, audio, and action for Physical AI applications.

  8. CUBic: Coordinated Unified Bimanual Perception and Control Framework

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CUBic learns a shared tokenized representation for bimanual robot perception and control via unidirectional aggregation, bidirectional codebook coordination, and a unified diffusion policy, yielding higher coordinatio...

  9. Render, Don't Decode: Weight-Space World Models with Latent Structural Disentanglement

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    NOVA represents scene states as INR weights for analytical rendering without decoders and achieves structural disentanglement of content and dynamics in video world models.

  10. From Pixels to Tokens: A Systematic Study of Latent Action Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A unified comparison of latent action supervision strategies for VLA models reveals task-specific benefits, with image-based approaches aiding reasoning and generalization, action-based aiding motor control, and discr...

  11. From Video to Control: A Survey of Learning Manipulation Interfaces from Temporal Visual Data

    cs.RO 2026-04 accept novelty 6.0

    Video-to-robot control methods cluster into three interface families, and the field’s main bottleneck is grounding video-derived predictions into dependable closed-loop robot behavior.

  12. Co-Evolving Latent Action World Models

    cs.LG 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CoLA-World jointly trains latent action models and world models with a warm-up phase to achieve co-evolution, matching or exceeding prior two-stage methods in video simulation quality and visual planning performance.

  13. villa-X: Enhancing Latent Action Modeling in Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    villa-X enhances latent action modeling in VLA models to support zero-shot action planning for unseen robot embodiments and open-vocabulary instructions, yielding better manipulation results in simulation and real-wor...

  14. LARA: Latent Action Representation Alignment for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LARA jointly optimizes LAM and VLA models via representation alignment, reporting average gains of ~10%, ~5%, and ~15% on simulation and real robotic manipulation tasks.

  15. From Video to Control: A Survey of Learning Manipulation Interfaces from Temporal Visual Data

    cs.RO 2026-04 accept novelty 5.0

    A survey introduces an interface-centric taxonomy for video-to-control methods in robotic manipulation and identifies the robotics integration layer as the central open challenge.