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General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learning
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General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learning
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We address the challenge of acquiring real-world manipulation skills with a scalable framework. We hold the belief that identifying an appropriate prediction target capable of leveraging large-scale datasets is crucial for achieving efficient and universal learning. Therefore, we propose to utilize 3D flow, which represents the future trajectories of 3D points on objects of interest, as an ideal prediction target. To exploit scalable data resources, we turn our attention to human videos. We develop, for the first time, a language-conditioned 3D flow prediction model directly from large-scale RGBD human video datasets. Our predicted flow offers actionable guidance, thus facilitating zero-shot skill transfer in real-world scenarios. We deploy our method with a policy based on closed-loop flow prediction. Remarkably, without any in-domain finetuning, our method achieves an impressive 81\% success rate in zero-shot human-to-robot skill transfer, covering 18 tasks in 6 scenes. Our framework features the following benefits: (1) scalability: leveraging cross-embodiment data resources; (2) wide application: multiple object categories, including rigid, articulated, and soft bodies; (3) stable skill transfer: providing actionable guidance with a small inference domain-gap. Code, data, and supplementary materials are available https://general-flow.github.io
Forward citations
Cited by 16 Pith papers
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$\pi\mathbf{R}^2$: Reactive Real-time Flow Policies
πR² makes flow-matching VLA policies reactive by splitting conditioning into fresh proprioception and stale vision-language features and using a one-step-per-call staircase noise schedule, reaching ~25 Hz closed-loop ...
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RoboInter1.5: A Holistic Intermediate Representation Suite for Embodied World Modeling and Robotic Manipulation
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KAM-WM: Kinematic Affordance Maps from Latent World Models for Robot Manipulation
A single-step latent velocity from a frozen Flow Matching video model acts as a first-order kinematic affordance prior that improves low-data robot manipulation without future-frame rollout.
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Unified Motion-Action Modeling for Heterogeneous Robot Learning
UMA treats object motion and robot actions as co-evolving variables under a masked generative objective with hindsight relabeling and contrastive disentanglement to support multi-task pretraining and deployment across...
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Revisiting Articulated Parts Perception in Robot Manipulation
Proposes GPS representation for articulated parts, uses VR to annotate 41K frames across 234 objects, trains an RGB-D model, and achieves 73% success in heuristic manipulation policies on 9 objects.
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AffordanceVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Empowering Action Generation through Affordance-Aware Understanding
AffordanceVLA proposes a VLA model with affordance-aware modules (Which2Act, Where2Act, How2Act) in a Mixture-of-Transformer trained in three stages to improve robotic manipulation.
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Beyond Pixels: Learning Invariant Rewards for Real-World Robotics From a Few Demonstrations
A framework learns invariant symbolic reward functions from few demonstrations that generalize zero-shot to variations in robotic manipulation tasks.
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BridgeACT: Bridging Human Demonstrations to Robot Actions via Unified Tool-Target Affordances
BridgeACT learns robot manipulation from human videos alone by predicting task-relevant grasp regions and 3D motion affordances that map directly to robot controllers.
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From Video to Control: A Survey of Learning Manipulation Interfaces from Temporal Visual Data
Video-to-robot control methods cluster into three interface families, and the field’s main bottleneck is grounding video-derived predictions into dependable closed-loop robot behavior.
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Embodied-R1: Reinforced Embodied Reasoning for General Robotic Manipulation
Embodied-R1 uses a pointing-centric representation and reinforced fine-tuning on a 200K dataset to achieve state-of-the-art results on embodied benchmarks plus 56.2% success in SIMPLEREnv and 87.5% on real XArm tasks ...
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Robotic Manipulation by Imitating Generated Videos Without Physical Demonstrations
RIGVid shows that filtered AI-generated videos can serve as effective supervision for complex robotic manipulation tasks without any real demonstrations.
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Gen2Act: Human Video Generation in Novel Scenarios enables Generalizable Robot Manipulation
Gen2Act enables generalizable robot manipulation for unseen objects and novel motions by using zero-shot human video generation from web data to condition a policy trained on an order of magnitude less robot interaction data.
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ZeroDex: Zero-Shot Long-Horizon Dexterous Manipulation via Multi-View 3D-Grounded VLM Reasoning
ZeroDex grounds VLM outputs into 3D keypoints via multi-view triangulation and ray voting to enable zero-shot long-horizon dexterous manipulation with closed-loop replanning.
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From Video to Control: A Survey of Learning Manipulation Interfaces from Temporal Visual Data
A survey introduces an interface-centric taxonomy for video-to-control methods in robotic manipulation and identifies the robotics integration layer as the central open challenge.
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Human2Any: Human-to-Robot Transfer via Constraint-Aware Compositional Planning
Human2Any transfers human video demonstrations to robots by representing tasks as object-object interactions and composing learned priors with robot-side planning.
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