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BrainWave: A Brain Signal Foundation Model for Clinical Applications

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arxiv 2402.10251 v7 pith:3SOB7VGW submitted 2024-02-15 q-bio.NC cs.AIcs.LGeess.SP

BrainWave: A Brain Signal Foundation Model for Clinical Applications

classification q-bio.NC cs.AIcs.LGeess.SP
keywords brainbrainwaveneuralclinicaldisordersmodelapplicationsdiseases
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Neural electrical activity is fundamental to brain function, underlying a range of cognitive and behavioral processes, including movement, perception, decision-making, and consciousness. Abnormal patterns of neural signaling often indicate the presence of underlying brain diseases. The variability among individuals, the diverse array of clinical symptoms from various brain disorders, and the limited availability of diagnostic classifications, have posed significant barriers to formulating reliable model of neural signals for diverse application contexts. Here, we present BrainWave, the first foundation model for both invasive and non-invasive neural recordings, pretrained on more than 40,000 hours of electrical brain recordings (13.79 TB of data) from approximately 16,000 individuals. Our analysis show that BrainWave outperforms all other competing models and consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance in the diagnosis and identification of neurological disorders. We also demonstrate robust capabilities of BrainWave in enabling zero-shot transfer learning across varying recording conditions and brain diseases, as well as few-shot classification without fine-tuning, suggesting that BrainWave learns highly generalizable representations of neural signals. We hence believe that open-sourcing BrainWave will facilitate a wide range of clinical applications in medicine, paving the way for AI-driven approaches to investigate brain disorders and advance neuroscience research.

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Forward citations

Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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  2. NeuralBench: A Unifying Framework to Benchmark NeuroAI Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    NeuralBench is a new benchmarking framework for neuroAI models on EEG data that finds foundation models only marginally outperform task-specific ones while many tasks like cognitive decoding stay highly challenging.

  3. Neuroprobe: Evaluating Intracranial Brain Responses to Naturalistic Stimuli

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    Neuroprobe is a new suite of decoding tasks on the BrainTreebank iEEG dataset for evaluating multi-modal language processing in the brain during naturalistic movie viewing.

  4. Cross-Subject Modeling for Widefield Calcium Imaging via Atlas-Aligned Spatiotemporal Tokenization

    cs.CV 2026-07 accept novelty 6.5

    Atlas-aligned spatiotemporal tokenization plus MAE pretraining yields multi-subject widefield representations that support zero-shot continuous behavior decoding and left-out region reconstruction on unseen subjects.

  5. Visualizing the Invisible: Generative Visual Grounding Empowers Universal EEG Understanding in MLLMs

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    Generative Visual Grounding creates instance-specific visual proxy images from EEG signals to enhance MLLM understanding of brain activity beyond text-only alignment.

  6. Visualizing the Invisible: Generative Visual Grounding Empowers Universal EEG Understanding in MLLMs

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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  7. SCOPE: Structured Prototype-Guided Adaptation for EEG Foundation Models with Limited Labels

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    SCOPE uses cohort-level external supervision, confidence-aware pseudo-labels, and a lightweight prototype-conditioned adapter (ProAdapter) to adapt frozen EEG foundation models in label-limited settings, reporting con...

  8. EEG-FM-Compass: Progress, Benchmarking, and Future Directions for EEG Foundation Models

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    A unified benchmark of 12 EEG foundation models across 13 datasets finds specialists remain competitive and larger pre-trained models do not consistently improve downstream decoding.

  9. Beyond Hearing: Learning Task-Agnostic ExG Representations from Earphones via Physiology-Informed Tokenization

    eess.AS 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

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  10. ZUNA1.1: A more flexible EEG foundation model for Denoising and Super-resolution

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    ZUNA1.1, an open-source 380M EEG diffusion autoencoder, reconstructs variable-length, flexibly masked EEG at least as well as its predecessor and far better than spherical spline interpolation.

  11. MSBraM: A Multi-scale Self-supervised Brain Foundation Model for Hierarchical EEG Dynamics Learning

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    A multi-scale, VQ-VAE-based EEG foundation model with curriculum masking beats prior EEG foundation models on 11 of 12 benchmarks, but two test sets overlap with its pretraining corpus.

  12. Wearable AI in the Era of Large Sensor Models

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    Large Sensor Models trained on large-scale multimodal wearable data can provide a scalable, general framework for wearable AI by learning transferable representations across modalities and tasks.

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    WorldWeaver reduces temporal drift in long-horizon video generation by jointly modeling RGB and depth perceptual conditions with segmented noise scheduling.

  14. Foundation Models for Cross-Domain EEG Analysis Application: A Survey

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  15. Large-Scale AI and Foundation Models for Neuroscience: A Comprehensive Review

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