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Learning to Plan for Language Modeling from Unlabeled Data

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arxiv 2404.00614 v2 pith:NXGCTTBA submitted 2024-03-31 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords languageplanningmodelmodulewritingabstractactionsdata
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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By training to predict the next token in an unlabeled corpus, large language models learn to perform many tasks without any labeled data. However, their next-token-prediction objective arguably limits their performance in scenarios that require planning, such as writing a coherent article. In this paper, we train a module for planning the future writing process via a self-supervised learning objective. Given the textual context, this planning module learns to predict future abstract writing actions, which correspond to centroids in a clustered text embedding space. By conditioning on these actions, our model extends the successful language model formula to more abstract planning in an unsupervised way. Empirically, we demonstrate that our method improves language modeling performance in general, particularly with respect to the text structure. Because our framework uses a planner module that is unsupervised and external to the language model, new planner modules can be trained at large scale and easily be shared with the community.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Large Concept Models: Language Modeling in a Sentence Representation Space

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A sentence-level language model trained to autoregressively predict SONAR sentence embeddings can summarize, expand, and generate text in unseen languages.

  2. LoopMTP: A looped transformer guided by latent multi-token prediction

    cs.CL 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Aligning each loop iteration's hidden state with a future token's embedding improves looped transformer accuracy by up to 8.1% relative over a non-looped baseline.

  3. Emergent Response Planning in LLMs

    cs.CL 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Hidden representations of LLM prompts encode global attributes of the upcoming response, and simple probes can predict length, content choices, and answer confidence before generation begins.

  4. Temporal horizons in forecasting: a performance-learnability trade-off

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Longer training horizons improve forecast quality but worsen learnability, with loss-landscape roughness growing exponentially for chaotic dynamics and linearly for limit cycles.

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