Pith. sign in

REVIEW 12 cited by

GSCo: Towards Generalizable AI in Medicine via Generalist-Specialist Collaboration

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2404.15127 v2 pith:NG25VN7M submitted 2024-04-23 cs.CV cs.CL

GSCo: Towards Generalizable AI in Medicine via Generalist-Specialist Collaboration

classification cs.CV cs.CL
keywords gfmsspecialistsmedicinemodelstaskscollaborativedatasetsdiagnosis
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

Generalist foundation models (GFMs) are renowned for their exceptional capability and flexibility in effectively generalizing across diverse tasks and modalities. In the field of medicine, while GFMs exhibit superior generalizability based on their extensive intrinsic knowledge as well as proficiency in instruction following and in-context learning, specialist models excel in precision due to their domain knowledge. In this work, for the first time, we explore the synergy between the GFM and specialist models, to enable precise medical image analysis on a broader scope. Specifically, we propose a cooperative framework, Generalist-Specialist Collaboration (GSCo), which consists of two stages, namely the construction of GFM and specialists, and collaborative inference on downstream tasks. In the construction stage, we develop MedDr, the largest open-source GFM tailored for medicine, showcasing exceptional instruction-following and in-context learning capabilities. Meanwhile, a series of lightweight specialists are crafted for downstream tasks with low computational cost. In the collaborative inference stage, we introduce two cooperative mechanisms, Mixture-of-Expert Diagnosis and Retrieval-Augmented Diagnosis, to harvest the generalist's in-context learning abilities alongside the specialists' domain expertise. For a comprehensive evaluation, we curate a large-scale benchmark featuring 28 datasets and about 250,000 images. Extensive results demonstrate that MedDr consistently outperforms state-of-the-art GFMs on downstream datasets. Furthermore, GSCo exceeds both GFMs and specialists across all out-of-domain disease diagnosis datasets. These findings indicate a significant paradigm shift in the application of GFMs, transitioning from separate models for specific tasks to a collaborative approach between GFMs and specialists, thereby advancing the frontiers of generalizable AI in medicine.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. CardioLens: Revealing the Clinical Reality Gap of MLLMs via Multi-Sequence Cardiac MRI Evaluations

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CardioLens is a leakage-resistant CMR testbed of 473k slices and 13k QA pairs showing current MLLMs exhibit a large clinical reality gap with category-collapse failures on real workflows.

  2. SurgCoT: Advancing Spatiotemporal Reasoning in Surgical Videos through a Chain-of-Thought Benchmark

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SurgCoT is a new benchmark that evaluates chain-of-thought spatiotemporal reasoning in multimodal large language models on surgical videos using five defined dimensions and an annotation protocol of Question-Option-Kn...

  3. ClinFusion: A Vision-Centric Multimodal LLM System for Holistic Medical Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    A cascaded multi-encoder medical MLLM with native 3D fusion and RoI-grounded report metrics claims SOTA on most 2D/3D medical benchmarks and highest radiologist report rankings.

  4. OralAgent: Integrating Reasoning, Tools, and Knowledge for Interactive Dental Image Analysis

    cs.CL 2026-04 accept novelty 6.5

    OralAgent, a ReAct-style dental agent with 22 vision tools and a 134.8M-token textbook RAG corpus, reaches SOTA on MMOral-Uni, MMOral-OPG, and OralQA-ZH.

  5. PathSelect: Sequential Token Selection for Whole Slide Pathology

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A learnable sequential token router with noise-gated Soft Top-K training and Hard Top-K inference cuts WSI visual context ~36.6× while holding 74% SlideBench accuracy on frozen SlideChat.

  6. Super-Generalist: Towards Comprehensive and Accurate Medical Image Understanding via Generalist-Specialist Synergy

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Injecting multi-expert anatomy/lesion segmentation priors into vision–language alignment and calibrating text attention with lesion masks yields broad CT diagnosis plus specialist-level tumor performance and lesion grounding.

  7. Learnable Token Sparsification for Efficient Gigapixel Whole Slide Image Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Learnable sparsification framework compresses WSI visual tokens to 32 (0.78% of original) via SparseLearn, achieving 73.32% accuracy on SlideBench (TCGA) and outperforming baselines.

  8. PathNavigate: A Training-Free Pathology Agent with Surprise-Guided Scan and Shared Slide Memory for Whole-Slide Image VQA

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PathNavigate introduces a scan-search-readout routine with surprise-guided low-mag scanning and shared slide memory to improve training-free WSI-VQA accuracy and efficiency.

  9. MedRCube: A Multidimensional Framework for Fine-Grained and In-Depth Evaluation of MLLMs in Medical Imaging

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MedRCube is a new fine-grained evaluation framework that benchmarks 33 MLLMs on medical imaging, ranks Lingshu-32B highest, and finds a significant positive link between shortcut behaviors and diagnostic performance.

  10. HeteroRAG: A Heterogeneous Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Vision Language Tasks

    cs.CL 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    HeteroRAG integrates modality-specific retrieval from medical reports and multi-corpus text sources with preference tuning to improve factual accuracy in Med-LVLMs across 11 datasets.

  11. Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Lingshu is a medical-specialized multimodal LLM that outperforms prior open-source models on multimodal QA, text QA, and report generation after training on a large curated dataset of medical knowledge.

  12. Spatial navigation in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A review

    q-bio.NC 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Spatial navigation performance, particularly path integration and wayfinding, correlates with AD biomarkers such as p-tau in cognitively unimpaired at-risk individuals and may enable earlier detection than episodic me...