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Efficient soft-output decoders for the surface code

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arxiv 2405.07433 v2 pith:3BGWLAQT submitted 2024-05-13 quant-ph

Efficient soft-output decoders for the surface code

classification quant-ph
keywords codedecoderssoft-outputsurfacedecodingefficienterrorfault-tolerant
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Decoders that provide an estimate of the probability of a logical failure conditioned on the error syndrome ("soft-output decoders") can reduce the overhead cost of fault-tolerant quantum memory and computation. In this work, we construct efficient soft-output decoders for the surface code derived from the Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching and Union-Find decoders. We show that soft-output decoding can improve the performance of a "hierarchical code," a concatenated scheme in which the inner code is the surface code, and the outer code is a high-rate quantum low-density parity-check code. Alternatively, the soft-output decoding can improve the reliability of fault-tolerant circuit sampling by flagging those runs that should be discarded because the probability of a logical error is intolerably large.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Syndrome resampling enhances quantum error correction thresholds

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Syndrome resampling increases QEC thresholds and cuts logical errors by up to four orders of magnitude by biasing toward likely syndromes, linked to Rényi coherent information phase transitions.

  2. Co-Designing Error Mitigation and Error Detection for Logical Qubits

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Optimized QED intervals plus steady-state extraction enable PEC+QED to deliver 2-11x lower error than PEC alone on Iceberg codes for QAOA.

  3. An Oracle-Free Quantum Algorithm for Nonadiabatic Quantum Molecular Dynamics

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    An oracle-free Trotter-based quantum algorithm for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics achieves circuit depth advantages over QROM architectures and retains T-gate scalability compared to quantum signal processing.

  4. Syndrome aware mitigation of logical errors

    quant-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Conditioning logical error mitigation on the measured error-correcting syndromes cuts sampling overhead exponentially and can make error correction useful above its standard pseudo-threshold.

  5. Efficient Post-Selection for General Quantum LDPC Codes

    quant-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    Cluster-size and cluster-LLR norm fractions from BP+LSD decoding suppress logical error rates by orders of magnitude at low abort rates on surface, bivariate bicycle, and hypergraph product codes.

  6. Machine-learned syndrome post-selection for reliable quantum error correction

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Syndrome-only supervised learning can post-select quantum error correction runs, matching syndrome-weight filtering on simulations and outperforming it on experimental magic-state distillation data.

  7. Adaptive Window Decoding based on Spatiotemporal Complementary Gap

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Adaptive window decoding with spatiotemporal complementary gap reduces average buffer size by 40% while maintaining logical error rate in quantum error correction simulations.

  8. Neural network decoder confidence as a learned proxy for the logical gap

    quant-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    GNN decoder logit outperforms MWPM logical gap for post-selection, yielding lower logical error rates on surface code syndromes under circuit-level noise.