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Dynamic Structural Causal Models

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arxiv 2406.01161 v3 pith:MFFL5VDX submitted 2024-06-03 math.ST math.PRstat.MLstat.TH

Dynamic Structural Causal Models

classification math.ST math.PRstat.MLstat.TH
keywords causaldefinedscmdscmsdynamicoperationsdesstructural
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We study a specific type of SCM, called a Dynamic Structural Causal Model (DSCM), whose endogenous variables represent functions of time, which is possibly cyclic and allows for latent confounding. As a motivating use-case, we show that certain systems of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) can be appropriately represented with DSCMs. An immediate consequence of this construction is a graphical Markov property for systems of SDEs. We define a time-splitting operation, allowing us to analyse the concept of local independence (a notion of continuous-time Granger (non-)causality). We also define a subsampling operation, which returns a discrete-time DSCM, and which can be used for mathematical analysis of subsampled time-series. We give suggestions how DSCMs can be used for identification of the causal effect of time-dependent interventions, and how existing constraint-based causal discovery algorithms can be applied to time-series data.

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