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PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference

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arxiv 2407.12820 v2 pith:3N5BVIFT submitted 2024-07-01 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords kvcachecomputationduringinferencelatencypqcacheretrievaltokens
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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As the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to evolve, the context length in inference is steadily growing. Key-Value Cache (KVCache), the intermediate representations of tokens within LLM inference, has now become the primary memory bottleneck due to limited GPU memory. Current methods selectively determine suitable keys and values for self-attention computation in LLMs to address the issue. However, they either fall short in maintaining model quality or result in high serving latency. Drawing inspiration from advanced embedding retrieval techniques prevalent in the data management community, we consider the storage and retrieval of KVCache as a typical embedding retrieval problem. We propose PQCache, which employs Product Quantization (PQ) to manage KVCache, maintaining model quality while ensuring low serving latency. During the prefilling phase, we apply PQ to tokens' keys for each LLM layer and head. During the autoregressive decoding phase, we use PQ codes and centroids to approximately identify important preceding tokens, then fetch the corresponding key-value pairs for self-attention computation. Through meticulous design of overlapping and caching, we minimize any additional computation and communication overhead during both phases. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PQCache achieves both effectiveness and efficiency, with 4.60% score improvement over existing methods on InfiniteBench and low system latency in both prefilling and decoding.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LOCKS: Page-Local Compact Key Summaries for Efficient Long-Context Decoding

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Page-local rank-8 spectral key summaries let sparse decode selection track the exact mass oracle and match FullKV quality at ~2% attended tokens with 2× latency cut at 1M context.

  2. SALE : Low-bit Estimation for Efficient Sparse Attention in Long-context LLM Prefilling

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SALE is a training-free sparse attention method that uses 4-bit quantized query-key estimates and a relative attention score to skip unimportant blocks, achieving over 3.36x prefill speedup on 64K+ token contexts with...

  3. TailorKV: A Hybrid Framework for Long-Context Inference via Tailored KV Cache Optimization

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    TailorKV combines 1-bit quantization in shallow attention layers with dynamic Top-K token retrieval in deeper layers to serve 128k-context Llama-3.1-8B on a single 24GB GPU with a small accuracy loss.

  4. Breaking the Boundaries of Long-Context LLM Inference: Adaptive KV Management on a Single Commodity GPU

    cs.OS 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LeoAM reports a 3.46x average latency speedup for long-context LLM inference on one commodity GPU by adaptively chunking KV data and loading compact key abstracts from disk instead of full KV values.

  5. Learn from the Past: Fast Sparse Indexing for Large Language Model Decoding

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    LFPS predicts which KV cache positions a decoder will attend to by reusing historical vertical and slash patterns plus local expansion, then runs exact Top-k only on the predicted candidate set.

  6. SeerAttention-R: Sparse Attention Adaptation for Long Reasoning

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A learned gate selects the important KV blocks during long decoding, preserving math reasoning accuracy while skipping up to 90% of attention work.

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