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dMel: Speech Tokenization made Simple
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dMel: Speech Tokenization made Simple
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Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing by leveraging self-supervised pretraining on vast textual data. Inspired by this success, researchers have investigated various compression-based speech tokenization methods to discretize continuous speech signals, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to discrete tokens. However, audio compressor introduces additional complexity and computational cost, and often fail on out-of-domain audio signals. In this work, we introduce a novel speech representation (dmel) that discretizes mel-filterbank channels into intensity bins, creating a simpler yet more effective representation compared to existing speech tokenization methods. Our approach demonstrates superior performance in preserving audio content, robustness to out-of-domain data, and offers a training-free, natural, and streamable representation. To address the high-dimensional nature of log-mel spectrograms, we propose an efficient parallel encoding and decoding method for high-dimensional tokens using an LM-style transformer architecture. This innovation enables us to develop RichTTS and RichASR, two models sharing the same architecture while achieving comparable or better results than specialized existing methods. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of dmel in achieving high performance on both speech synthesis and recognition tasks within a unified framework, paving the way for efficient and effective joint modeling of speech and text.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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LLM can Read Spectrogram: Encoder-free Speech-Language Modeling
Mel-LLM shows an LLM can achieve competitive ASR by directly ingesting pre-processed Mel spectrogram patches through a linear projection layer.
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Self-Guidance: Enhancing Neural Codecs via Decoder Manifold Alignment
Self-guidance adds a lightweight feature-mapping loss to align decoder manifolds in VQ-VAE speech codecs, raising reconstruction metrics and allowing 4x codebook reduction with no fidelity loss.
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LLM can Read Spectrogram: Encoder-free Speech-Language Modeling
Mel-LLM shows that LLMs can process Mel spectrograms directly for competitive ASR performance without a dedicated speech encoder, with limited degradation versus encoder-based versions when using multimodal initializa...
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Mechanisms of Multimodal Synchronization: Insights from Decoder-Based Video-Text-to-Speech Synthesis
Experiments with a video-text-to-speech transformer show co-temporal positional indexing enables synchronization without timestamps, text and video supply complementary signals, and modality ordering creates a trade-o...
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Scaling Properties of Continuous Diffusion Spoken Language Models
Continuous diffusion spoken language models follow scaling laws for loss and phoneme divergence and generate emotive multi-speaker speech at 16B scale, though long-form coherence stays difficult.
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F5-TTS: A Fairytaler that Fakes Fluent and Faithful Speech with Flow Matching
F5-TTS generates natural speech from text via flow matching on DiT with simple text padding, ConvNeXt refinement, and sway sampling, trained on 100K hours multilingual data.
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MELD: Mel-Spectrogram-Based Speech Language Modeling with Discrete Latent Variables
MELD jointly optimizes a discrete latent variable encoder on mel-spectrograms with an autoregressive speech LM, claiming gains over codec and mel baselines on zero-shot TTS/STT plus fewer autoregressive artifacts.
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