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Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors

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arxiv 2409.15547 v3 pith:YU435QCK submitted 2024-09-23 hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-exnucl-th

Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors

classification hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-exnucl-th
keywords formfactorsgravitationalnucleonprotonradiuslesspion
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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A symmetry-preserving analysis of strong interaction quantum field equations is used to complete a unified treatment of pion, kaon, nucleon electromagnetic and gravitational form factors. Findings include a demonstration that the pion near-core pressure is roughly twice that in the proton, so both are significantly greater than that of a neutron star; parton species separations of the nucleon's three gravitational form factors, in which, inter alia, the glue-to-quark ratio for each form factor is seen to take the same constant value, independent of momentum transfer; and a determination of proton radii orderings, with the mechanical (normal force) radius being less than the mass-energy radius, which is less than the proton charge radius. This body of predictions should prove useful in an era of anticipated experiments that will enable them to be tested.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Experimental access to the gluonic origin of the proton mass

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    The scalar gluonic trace form factor of the proton can be reconstructed from DVCS quark GFFs, near-threshold J/ψ gluon GFFs, and the nucleon sigma-term form factor.

  2. Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.

  3. Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II

    hep-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.

  4. The color force acting on a quark in the pion and nucleon

    hep-ph 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    In the instanton liquid model, the color force on a struck quark in the pion and nucleon is derived from twist-3 operators, related to gravitational and transversity form factors, and mapped in the transverse plane wi...