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Impact of relativistic waveforms in LISA's science objectives with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

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arxiv 2410.17310 v2 pith:CM5TBOA4 submitted 2024-10-22 gr-qc astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-ph

classification gr-qcastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-ph
keywords relativisticwaveformsaccretiondiskemrisfullylisascalar
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) are one of the key targets for future space-based gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA. The scientific potential of these sources can only be fully realized with fast and accurate waveform models. In this work, we extend the \textsc{FastEMRIWaveform} (\texttt{FEW}) framework by providing fully relativistic waveforms at adiabatic order for circular, equatorial orbits in Kerr spacetime, for mass ratios up to $10^{-3}$. We investigate the significance of including relativistic corrections in the waveform for both vacuum and non-vacuum environments. Specifically, we develop relativistic non-vacuum EMRI waveforms including two different environmental effects in the EMRI waveforms: power-law migration torques, and superradiance scalar clouds. For EMRIs in vacuum, we find that non-relativistic waveforms incorrectly estimate the predicted source's horizon redshift by approximately $35\%$ error. Our analysis shows that incorporating relativistic corrections enhances constraints on accretion disks, modeled through power-law torques, and improves the constraints on disk parameter estimates (error $\simeq 8\%$), representing a significant improvement over previous estimates. Additionally, we assess the evidence for models in a scenario where ignoring the accretion disk biases the parameter estimation (PE), reporting a $\log_{10}$ Bayes factor of $1.1$ in favor of the accretion disk model. In a fully relativistic setup, we also estimate the parameters of superradiant scalar clouds with relative errors $\simeq 0.3\%$ for the scalar cloud's mass. These results demonstrate that incorporating relativistic effects is essential for LISA science objectives with EMRIs.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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    Scalar radiation from an EMRI in an ultralight scalar cloud is computed semi-analytically, showing dipole clouds decelerate and quadrupole clouds accelerate the inspiral, with up to about 100 rad dephasing after 18 months.

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