REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 102 references
Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors
T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-12 · deepseek-v4-flash
Pith's one-line read The paper argues that a trace-coupled torsion gravity model can produce Hubble-constant estimates on both sides of the cosmic tension while predicting slower matter growth, potentially easing both the H0 and σ8 tensions.
desk verdict A routine MCMC scan of a known f(T,T) model whose H0 result follows the priors, and whose sigma8-easing claim rests on an underived growth equation; fixable, but not ready as is. read the letter →
The pith
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
The reading
What carries the argument
The load-bearing objects are the model Lagrangian $f(T,\mathcal{T})=\alpha T^n\mathcal{T}+\Lambda$, the implicit dimensionless Hubble equation $E^2(z)=(1+z)^3\Omega_{m0}-\frac16+(1-\Omega_{m0}+\frac16)(1+z)^3E^{2n}(z)$, and the effective gravitational coupling $P(a)=G_{\rm eff}/G=(1+f_{\mathcal{T}}/2)/(1+f_{\mathcal{T}})$ that enters the linear growth equation $\delta_m''+(2+H'/H)\delta_m'-(3/2)(G_{\rm eff}/G)\Omega_m\delta_m=0$. The trace-derivative $f_{\mathcal{T}}$ is what carries the modification: it shifts the inferred expansion rate when different data sets are combined and simultaneously suppresses the growth of matter overdensities relative to $\Lambda$CDM. The numerical evolution of $\delta_m$ and the resulting weighted growth rate $f\sigma_8(z)=f_\delta(a)\sigma(a)$ converts these couplings into the paper's headline predictions.
What would settle it
A concrete decisive check would be to derive the full linear scalar perturbation equations for the action and see whether they reduce to the assumed sub-horizon growth equation with the simple effective coupling; if extra pressure or scale dependence appears, recomputing $f\sigma_8$ with the correct coupling would show whether the predicted 9–11 percent deficit survives. A second, simpler check is a single joint MCMC fit to all datasets simultaneously: if no parameter choice yields an $H_0$ consistent with both the local and early-universe measurements, the claimed easing of the Hubble tension is not a simultaneous resolution.
Extended reading notes
Core claim
The central claim is that in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ gravity with $f(T,\mathcal{T})=\alpha T^n\mathcal{T}+\Lambda$, different data combinations tune the model's parameters so that the inferred Hubble constant interpolates between early-Universe and late-Universe values: with the 1701-point supernova sample plus cosmic chronometers the best fit is about 66.4 km/s/Mpc, adding the local distance-ladder calibration raises it to about 72.5–72.7 km/s/Mpc, and adding BAO lowers it to 64.7–70.3 km/s/Mpc depending on priors. The paper also claims that the same model, through the effective Newton constant $P(a)=G_{\rm eff}/G=(1+f_{\mathcal{T}}/2)/(1+f_{\mathcal{T}})$ entering the sub-horizon growth equation, yields a weighted growth rate $f\sigma_8(0)$ about 9–11 percent lower than $\Lambda$CDM for the parameter sets that include BAO, and it reproduces late-time background diagnostics (deceleration parameter, quintessence equation of state, matter-to-dark-energy transition, and the $Om(z)$ diagnostic) broadly consistent with observation. Because the model has no $\Lambda$CDM limit, these results are presented as genuine modified-gravity alternatives rather than small perturbations of the standard model.
Load-bearing premise
The load-bearing premise is that the linear growth of matter clustering in this trace-coupled gravity is captured by the standard sub-horizon equation with a simple effective Newton constant; the paper does not derive the perturbation equations for the theory, so if pressure or scale-dependent corrections appear in a full derivation, the predicted drop in growth is unsupported.
Editorial extensions
If this is right
- If the central claim holds, $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ gravity with this functional form is a viable late-time alternative to $\Lambda$CDM that reproduces the accelerated expansion and passes AIC/BIC comparison for the supernova-plus-chronometer combinations.
- The model's ability to return $H_0$ near 73 with local calibrations and near 67–69 with BAO means that future joint analyses simultaneously using all probes could either resolve or sharpen the Hubble tension depending on whether one global fit can match all data.
- The predicted $f\sigma_8$ deficit of roughly 9–11 percent relative to $\Lambda$CDM at $z=0$, if confirmed by full perturbation theory, would bring the model in line with large-scale structure measurements that see weaker clustering than the early-Universe extrapolation.
- Because the model has no $\Lambda$CDM limit, improved distance-ladder and BAO measurements will eventually distinguish it from $\Lambda$CDM through the shape of $H(z)$ and the growth rate, not just through overall $\chi^2$.
- The background diagnostics indicate quintessence-like evolution, so the model predicts specific redshift-dependent dark-energy behavior that future surveys can test.
Reading between the lines
- Going beyond the paper, a full derivation of the linear perturbation equations for this $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ action is the natural decisive test; the coupling to the matter trace can introduce pressure and scale-dependent terms that the assumed quasi-static equation omits.
- Going beyond the paper, the spread in $H_0$ across separate fits is evidence of parameter flexibility, not yet proof of a single model that fits all data simultaneously; a joint fit with all datasets and their covariances would be the sharper test of tension reduction.
- Going beyond the paper, the model's growth prediction could be tested directly against the full redshift-space-distortion catalogue at multiple redshifts, since the two parameter sets that give the 9–11 percent deficit also carry a spread in $\sigma_8$ (0.76–0.85) that affects the comparison.
- Going beyond the paper, the same effective gravitational coupling could be probed in the nonlinear regime with N-body simulations, whose cluster-count and weak-lensing predictions would distinguish this model from $\Lambda$CDM independently of linear growth.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The paper studies late-time cosmology in f(T,T) gravity with the specific form f(T,T)=αT^n+Λ, using MCMC likelihood analyses of cosmic chronometer, Pantheon+ (with and without SH0ES), and BAO data, with R21 and TRGB H0 priors. It reports constraints on H0, Ωm0, n, and the nuisance parameter M for thirteen dataset combinations, computes χ²_min, AIC, and BIC relative to ΛCDM, and solves numerically the linear matter-growth equation to produce fσ8(z) curves. The central claims are that the dataset combinations yield a range of H0 values that could help with the Hubble tension, and that the model predicts fσ8 about 9–11% below ΛCDM, potentially easing the σ8 tension.
Significance. If the growth calculation is correct, the paper provides a useful set of late-time constraints for a specific f(T,T) model and a candidate mechanism for lowering fσ8 without invoking new matter physics. The MCMC analysis covers a wide range of data combinations with full CC and BAO covariance matrices, and the AIC/BIC comparison with ΛCDM is a useful consistency test. The model predicts a quintessence-like equation of state and a deceleration-to-acceleration transition consistent with observations. However, the two headline results are currently not established: the H0 range is mostly a reflection of the input priors, and the fσ8 reduction rests on an effective Newton constant that is asserted rather than derived from the theory's perturbation equations. These issues, together with internal errors in the model-comparison tables, limit the paper's impact until corrected.
major comments (4)
- [Sec. V, Eqs. (34)–(35), Fig. 3b] The σ8-alleviation claim rests entirely on the adopted growth equation with P(a)=(1+f_T/2)/(1+f_T). The paper states that this "can be demonstrated" and cites Refs. [46,49], but it does not derive the quasi-static sub-horizon perturbation system from action (6) and field equations (7). Because f(T,T) couples to the matter trace, the perturbed equations generically contain δT, pressure, and scale-dependent gradient terms; their cancellation or suppression in the quasi-static limit must be shown explicitly. Without this, the reported 9% and 11% reductions of fσ8 are an assumption, not a derived prediction.
- [Sec. V.A, Fig. 3b and Sec. VII] The caption states that the complete RSD fσ8 dataset of Ref. [93] is used, but the figure only superposes model and ΛCDM curves; no RSD likelihood, residuals, or χ² are reported. The claims in Sec. VII that the model "could provide a better fit to large-scale structure observations" and that the curves are "approximately 9%" and "11% below ΛCDM" are comparisons with ΛCDM only, not with the data. A quantitative fit to the RSD points is required to support the σ8-tension claim.
- [Table II] The information criteria in Table II are internally inconsistent. For CC+PN++BAO+R21, AIC−χ²_min = 308, which would require k=154 parameters if AIC=χ²_min+2k, whereas all other rows in the same table give k=4; the value χ²_min=1524.96 is likely a typo for 1824.96. For CC+PN++R21, AIC=1798.52 with χ²_min=1780.52 gives k=9, while the model has four free parameters and the AIC should be 1788.52. These errors propagate into ΔAIC and ΔBIC and undermine the statistical comparison in Sec. IV.
- [Abstract and Sec. IV/VII] The "primary finding" that different dataset combinations yield a range of H0 values, and that this "could contribute to reducing the cosmic tension," is a restatement of the input priors rather than a model prediction. Adding the R21 prior or SH0ES points shifts H0 toward 73 km/s/Mpc by construction, and the normalization Λ=H0² after Eq. (33) makes H0 an input to the Lagrangian. To claim that the model reduces the H0 tension, the paper must demonstrate that the model, without such priors, produces a high H0 or reconciles early- and late-universe calibrations through an internal mechanism.
minor comments (6)
- [Sec. VII] The conclusion contains "CC+PAN+" in place of "CC+PN+" in three places; this typo should be corrected.
- [Sec. III and Table I] The R21 prior is quoted as H0=73.04±1.04 and attributed to Ref. [12], whose central value is 73.30±1.04; the label and value should be made consistent (R21 versus R22).
- [Sec. III] The MCMC analysis does not report chain lengths, burn-in, acceptance rates, or prior ranges; without these the numerical constraints in Tables I and III cannot be reproduced.
- [Eq. (24)] The sound-horizon calculation uses Ωb,0=0.02242 without specifying h; since this is Ωb h², the calculation needs the assumed h or a separate Ωb input to be unambiguous.
- [Eq. (33) and Sec. IV] Equation (33) is an implicit equation for E(z), but the numerical root-finding method and branch selection used to solve it are not described.
- [Sec. V.A, Fig. 3a] The text states σ(a)∼δm(a) with δm(a)≈a; this approximation should be justified in the context of Eq. (36), since the growth equation is being integrated numerically.
Circularity Check
No significant circularity: the H0 constraints are transparent fits with stated priors, and the sigma8 result, while relying on an underived imported growth equation, is not equivalent to the paper's own fitted inputs.
full rationale
Walking the derivation chain, the background analysis is self-contained: the chosen f(T,T) form (30) is substituted into the Friedmann equations, alpha is fixed at z=0 by Eq. (31), and the normalized E(z) in Eq. (33) is solved numerically and fitted to external CC, Pantheon+, BAO data with explicitly stated H0 priors. The reported H0 values in Tables I and III are labelled as constrained parameters; the shift seen when R21 or SH0ES is included is a prior/likelihood propagation effect, not a claim that the f(T,T) dynamics predicts H0, so it does not qualify as a fitted input renamed as a prediction. The sigma8-alleviation claim is carried by the growth equation (34) and the effective Newton constant P(a) in Eq. (35), which the paper imports from refs. [46,49] with the phrase 'It can be demonstrated with relative ease' and does not derive from the field equations; this is a genuine omitted-proof and correctness risk, but it is not a circular reduction because the imported formula is not identical to the paper's fitted H0, Omega_m0, or n outputs. The self-citation [51] appears only in a list of f(T,T) literature and is not load-bearing. No step of the claimed derivation is equivalent by construction to its inputs.
Assumptions & free parameters
free parameters (6)
- H0 =
66.4 to 72.7 km/s/Mpc depending on dataset
- Ωm0 =
0.280 to 0.381 depending on dataset
- n =
-2.31 to -1.25
- M =
-19.43 to -19.24
- Λ =
≡ H0²
- σ8 =
0.76, 0.81, 0.85, 0.76 (four dataset combinations)
assumptions (5)
- standard math Flat FLRW background metric (Eq 8) with Weitzenböck connection and teleparallel torsion scalar T=-6H².
- domain assumption Matter is a pressureless perfect fluid (pm=0) for background and growth calculations.
- domain assumption The quasi-static sub-horizon linear growth equation (34) with G_eff/G from Eq (35) applies to f(T,T) gravity.
- ad hoc to paper The normalization Λ = H0² (set after Eq 32) is a valid way to fix the Lagrangian constant.
- domain assumption BAO sound-horizon inputs from Planck (Ωb,0=0.02242, T0=2.7255 K, rs,fid=147.78 Mpc) are used to build the BAO likelihood.
Cite this review
Pith. "Pith review of Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/GWWLTPW2
@misc{pith2026241111923,
author = {Pith},
title = {Pith review of: Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcalT)$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/GWWLTPW2}},
note = {Machine review of arXiv:2411.11923}
}
abstract
This study explored the behavior of the $f(T, \mathcal{T})$ cosmological model with the use of various data set combinations. We also compared the results for this model between the Pantheon+ (without SH0ES) and the Pantheon+\&SH0ES (with SH0ES) data sets. Additionally, we incorporated data from BAO along with $H_0$ priors. We observed that integrating SH0ES data points leads to a higher estimation of $H_0$ than Pantheon+ (without SH0ES). We perform an extensive MCMC analysis for each combination of data sets, providing constraints on the model parameters. We also computed the $\chi^2_{min}$ value for each combination of data sets to evaluate the chosen model against the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. Our primary finding is that the various dataset combinations in the $f(T, \mathcal{T})$ model we examined relate to a range of Hubble constants, which could contribute to reducing the cosmic tension associated with this parameter. Additionally, we investigate the evolution of matter fluctuations by solving the density contrast evolution equation numerically. We calculate numerical solutions for the weighted growth rate $f\sigma_8$ using these findings. We plotted the cosmological background parameters to check the behavior of the $f(T, \mathcal{T})$ model in late-time. Based on the behavior of these background cosmological parameters, we conclude that our selected models reflect the late-time cosmic dynamics of the Universe.
Figures
Figures from the paper (11 more)
Reference graph
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