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ClusterKV: Manipulating LLM KV Cache in Semantic Space for Recallable Compression

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arxiv 2412.03213 v2 pith:OSQTHM6W submitted 2024-12-04 cs.LG cs.AIcs.PF

classification cs.LGcs.AIcs.PF
keywords cacheclusterkvaccuracycompressioncontextinferencerecallabletokens
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in a variety of applications, and the context length is rapidly increasing to handle tasks such as long-document QA and complex logical reasoning. However, long context poses significant challenges for inference efficiency, including high memory costs of key-value (KV) cache and increased latency due to extensive memory accesses. Recent works have proposed compressing KV cache to approximate computation, but these methods either evict tokens permanently, never recalling them for later inference, or recall previous tokens at the granularity of pages divided by textual positions. Both approaches degrade the model accuracy and output quality. To achieve efficient and accurate recallable KV cache compression, we introduce ClusterKV, which recalls tokens at the granularity of semantic clusters. We design and implement efficient algorithms and systems for clustering, selection, indexing and caching. Experiment results show that ClusterKV attains negligible accuracy loss across various tasks with 32k context lengths, using only a 1k to 2k KV cache budget, and achieves up to a 2$\times$ speedup in latency and a 2.5$\times$ improvement in decoding throughput. Compared to SoTA recallable KV compression methods, ClusterKV demonstrates higher model accuracy and output quality, while maintaining or exceeding inference efficiency. Our code is available at https://github.com/sjtu-zhao-lab/ClusterKV.

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Forward citations

Cited by 14 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. LOCKS: Page-Local Compact Key Summaries for Efficient Long-Context Decoding

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Page-local rank-8 spectral key summaries let sparse decode selection track the exact mass oracle and match FullKV quality at ~2% attended tokens with 2× latency cut at 1M context.

  2. MemDecay: Region-Aware KV Cache Eviction for Efficient LLM Agent Inference

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Region-labeled tokens in LLM agent traces have order-of-magnitude different attention lifetimes, and a decay-plus-pinning eviction policy preserves system facts under fixed KV budgets while recency collapses as context grows.

  3. SAC: Disaggregated KV Cache System for Sparse Attention LLMs with CXL

    cs.DC 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    SAC uses CXL to fetch only top-k KV cache entries for sparse attention models, reporting 2.1x throughput, 9.7x lower TTFT and 1.8x lower TBT versus RDMA baselines on DeepSeek-V3.2.

  4. Sparrow: Sparse Rollout for Stable and Efficient Long-context RL of Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Sparrow uses a dynamic sparsity schedule keyed to the lower tail of sparse-to-dense actor-policy mismatch to enable stable and faster rollouts in long-context RL for LLMs.

  5. Adaptive Mass-Segmented KV Compression for Long-Context Reasoning

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    AMS KV compression adaptively partitions the cache by attention mass regions and assigns quotas to protect contiguous reasoning blocks during long-context LLM inference.

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    EpiCache clusters long conversation history into coherent episodes for per-episode KV cache eviction, delivering up to 30% accuracy gains and 3.7x peak memory reduction on LongConvQA tasks under fixed budgets.

  10. Native Sparse Attention: Hardware-Aligned and Natively Trainable Sparse Attention

    cs.CL 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    NSA is a hardware-aligned sparse attention mechanism that enables end-to-end trainable long-context modeling by combining coarse token compression with fine-grained selection.

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  12. Sparse Attention Remapping with Clustering for Efficient LLM Decoding on PIM

    cs.CL 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    STARC remaps sparse KV caches by semantic clustering for PIM hardware, delivering 19-31% lower attention latency and 19-27% lower energy versus token-wise sparsity, with larger gains under tight KV budgets.

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