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Gravitational Waves from Particles Produced from Bubble Collisions in First-Order Phase Transitions

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arxiv 2412.17912 v2 pith:BXRR3WWR submitted 2024-12-23 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

Gravitational Waves from Particles Produced from Bubble Collisions in First-Order Phase Transitions

classification astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph
keywords phasebubblecollisionsparticletransitionsbackgroundbubblescontribution
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We discuss a new source of gravitational waves (GWs) from first-order phase transitions. The collisions of bubbles of the new phase can efficiently produce particles that couple to the background field undergoing the transition, thereby transferring a significant fraction of the released vacuum energy into a distribution of inhomogeneous and dynamic particle populations that persist long after the bubbles have disappeared. We study the GWs produced by such particle distributions, showing that GWs arise from the quadrupolar anisotropy in the radiation emitted from the bubble collisions, and present a semi-analytical calculation of the two-point correlation function for the associated energy distributions. We find that this new contribution can qualitatively modify the overall GW signal from such phase transitions, creating a distinct shift in the spectral slope at low frequencies that could be observed by future GW experiments. It is therefore important to take this new contribution into account for any transition where the background field has significant self-coupling or couplings to other fields that could lead to efficient particle production at bubble collision.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Particle production from bubble collisions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 8.0

    Heavy particles are produced in bubble-wall collisions by on-shell partonic scatterings, not by off-shell decay of the classical field, so the earlier rates and their phenomenological signals are parametrically overestimated.

  2. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  3. Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter

    astro-ph.CO 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.

  4. Exploring the statistical anisotropy of primordial curvature perturbations with pulsar timing arrays

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A phenomenological dipole anisotropy in primordial perturbations induces dipolar and quadrupolar anisotropies in SIGW energy density spectra, producing frequency-dependent PTA overlap reduction functions that depend o...

  5. Dark Matter Production from Bubble Collisions during a First-Order Phase Transition at the End of Inflation

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition at the end of inflation can generate the observed dark matter abundance in a restricted region of parameter space via direct production and spectator decays.

  6. Primordial Magnetogenesis and Gravitational Waves from ALP-assisted Phase Transition

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.