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Key-value memory in the brain

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arxiv 2501.02950 v2 pith:YJX3VRTH submitted 2025-01-06 q-bio.NC cs.AIcs.LG

Key-value memory in the brain

classification q-bio.NC cs.AIcs.LG
keywords memoryretrievalkey-valuestoragesystemscomputationaldistinctmodels
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Classical models of memory in psychology and neuroscience rely on similarity-based retrieval of stored patterns, where similarity is a function of retrieval cues and the stored patterns. While parsimonious, these models do not allow distinct representations for storage and retrieval, despite their distinct computational demands. Key-value memory systems, in contrast, distinguish representations used for storage (values) and those used for retrieval (keys). This allows key-value memory systems to optimize simultaneously for fidelity in storage and discriminability in retrieval. We review the computational foundations of key-value memory, its role in modern machine learning systems, related ideas from psychology and neuroscience, applications to a number of empirical puzzles, and possible biological implementations.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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  3. Sharp Capacity Thresholds in Linear Associative Memory: From Winner-Take-All to Listwise Retrieval

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    Winner-take-all linear memory capacity scales as d² ~ n log n due to extreme values; listwise retrieval via Tail-Average Margin yields d² ~ n with exact asymptotic theory.

  4. From Human Memory to AI Memory: A Survey on Memory Mechanisms in the Era of LLMs

    cs.IR 2025-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper surveys human memory categories, maps them to LLM memory, and proposes a new three-dimension (object, form, time) categorization into eight quadrants to organize existing work and highlight open problems.