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Fast Large Language Model Collaborative Decoding via Speculation

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arxiv 2502.01662 v2 pith:J5C5PD47 submitted 2025-02-01 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

Fast Large Language Model Collaborative Decoding via Speculation

classification cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG
keywords collaborativedecodingmodelmodelscompromisingdistributionfastergeneration
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large Language Model (LLM) collaborative decoding techniques improve output quality by combining the outputs of multiple models at each generation step, but they incur high computational costs. In this paper, we introduce Collaborative decoding via Speculation (CoS), a novel framework that accelerates collaborative decoding without compromising performance. Inspired by Speculative Decoding--where a small proposal model generates tokens sequentially, and a larger target model verifies them in parallel, our approach builds on two key insights: (1) the verification distribution can be the combined distribution of both the proposal and target models, and (2) alternating each model as the proposer and verifier can further enhance efficiency. We generalize this method to collaboration among n models and theoretically prove that CoS is never slower than standard collaborative decoding, typically achieving faster speed. Extensive experiments demonstrate CoS is 1.11x-2.23x faster than standard collaborative decoding without compromising generation quality. Our code is available at https://github.com/Kamichanw/CoS/.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

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    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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  2. Revisiting Lossy Verification in Speculative Decoding: Mechanisms, Trade-offs, and Failure Modes

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    Lossy speculative-decoding verification splits into truncation-based and collaborative methods; truncation-based methods underperform their matched baselines, and capping draft overshoot preserves quality.

  3. Rethinking LLM Ensembling from the Perspective of Mixture Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ME reinterprets LLM ensembling as a mixture model by sampling a single model stochastically at each token step, matching the ensemble distribution while invoking only one model per step for substantial speed gains.

  4. Rethinking LLM Ensembling from the Perspective of Mixture Models

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    ME reinterprets LLM ensembling as token-level sampling from a mixture model, enabling single-model invocation per token with claimed mathematical equivalence to full ensembling and measured speedups of 1.78x-2.68x.

  5. SpecFed: Accelerating Federated LLM Inference with Speculative Decoding and Compressed Transmission

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    SpecFed accelerates federated LLM inference via speculative decoding for parallel processing and top-K compression with server-side reconstruction, achieving high fidelity with reduced communication overhead.

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    Speculative decoding plus top-K compressed transmission with two reconstruction strategies cuts federated LLM communication while bounding reconstruction, aggregation, and acceptance-rate bias.