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Improving Existing Optimization Algorithms with LLMs

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arxiv 2502.08298 v1 pith:OIGEXHH2 submitted 2025-02-12 cs.AI cs.CLcs.LGcs.SE

classification cs.AIcs.CLcs.LGcs.SE
keywords optimizationheuristicllmsalgorithmscmsaexistingabilityadapt
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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into optimization has created a powerful synergy, opening exciting research opportunities. This paper investigates how LLMs can enhance existing optimization algorithms. Using their pre-trained knowledge, we demonstrate their ability to propose innovative heuristic variations and implementation strategies. To evaluate this, we applied a non-trivial optimization algorithm, Construct, Merge, Solve and Adapt (CMSA) -- a hybrid metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization problems that incorporates a heuristic in the solution construction phase. Our results show that an alternative heuristic proposed by GPT-4o outperforms the expert-designed heuristic of CMSA, with the performance gap widening on larger and denser graphs. Project URL: https://imp-opt-algo-llms.surge.sh/

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. EALG: Evolutionary Adversarial Generation of Language Model-Guided Generators for Combinatorial Optimization

    cs.AI 2025-06 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    EALG uses LLMs in an evolutionary adversarial loop to generate increasingly hard TSP instances and heuristics that beat existing LLM-designed solvers on those instances and on TSPLIB.

  2. LLM-Based Instance-Driven Heuristic Bias In the Context of a Biased Random Key Genetic Algorithm

    cs.NE 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    An LLM-generated, per-instance bias vector improves a BRKGA on the NP-hard Longest Run Subsequence problem, with statistically significant gains on 15 of 35 instance groups, concentrated on complex instances.

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