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Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors

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arxiv 2502.16689 v3 pith:2UYN4A4Z submitted 2025-02-23 hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-th

Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors

classification hep-ph hep-exhep-latnucl-th
keywords protonformdistributionsenergyfactorsinternalmechanicalquark
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and internal forces within the proton. The flavor decomposition of the quark sector indicates the role of each flavor in the proton's pressure and shear force distributions. Our results show that the up quark contributes more significantly compared to the down quark in the three conserved proton GFFs, as well as in the energy and shear force distributions. Additionally, we define the non-conserved form factor $\bar{c}^q (t)$, which takes part in the distributions of energy and pressure; the latter is essential for maintaining proton stability. Furthermore, we determine the proton's mass and mechanical radii, providing valuable insight into its internal structure and dynamics.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.

  2. Revisiting Quark Confinement in the Proton through the Force on Quarks

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Using light-cone sum-rule input and Tikhonov-regularized inversion, the paper reconstructs the quark confining force in the proton and confirms an attractive, approximately linear-potential force at intermediate distances.

  3. Constraints on the mass of the dark antibaryon using $B_d\rightarrow \Lambda \psi_{DS}$ channel in light cone QCD

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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  4. Constraints on the mass of the dark antibaryon using $B_d\rightarrow \Lambda \psi_{DS}$ channel in light cone QCD

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    A twist-6 light-cone QCD sum-rule calculation of B_d → Λ + dark antibaryon excludes dark masses around 2.8–3.6 GeV and leaves a surviving window at 4.108–4.164 GeV near the kinematic endpoint.

  5. Tensor form factors of decuplet hyperons in QCD

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  6. Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II

    hep-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.

  7. Particle seismology: mechanical and gravitational properties from parton-hadron duality

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A hadronic approach based on dispersion relations and meson dominance achieves a successful description of lattice QCD data for gravitational form factors of pions and nucleons.