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RouterEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Routing LLMs to Explore Model-level Scaling Up in LLMs

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arxiv 2503.10657 v2 pith:AW4MW3H6 submitted 2025-03-08 cs.CL cs.AI

RouterEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Routing LLMs to Explore Model-level Scaling Up in LLMs

classification cs.CL cs.AI
keywords llmsroutingrouterevalcomprehensiveparadigmperformancerouterbenchmark
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Routing large language models (LLMs) is a new paradigm that uses a router to recommend the best LLM from a pool of candidates for a given input. In this paper, our comprehensive analysis with more than 8,500 LLMs reveals a novel model-level scaling up phenomenon in Routing LLMs, i.e., a capable router can significantly enhance the performance of this paradigm as the number of candidates increases. This improvement can even surpass the performance of the best single model in the pool and many existing strong LLMs, confirming it a highly promising paradigm. However, the lack of comprehensive and open-source benchmarks for Routing LLMs has hindered the development of routers. In this paper, we introduce RouterEval, a benchmark tailored for router research, which includes over 200,000,000 performance records for 12 popular LLM evaluations across various areas such as commonsense reasoning, semantic understanding, etc., based on over 8,500 various LLMs. Using RouterEval, extensive evaluations of existing Routing LLM methods reveal that most still have significant room for improvement. See https://github.com/MilkThink-Lab/RouterEval for all data, code and tutorial.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. How Much of the Routing Gap Is Real? Decomposing the Router-to-Oracle Gap into Reproducible Specialist Advantage and Single-Draw Label Noise

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Under stochastic decoding, 12–36% of the LLM router-to-oracle gap is single-draw noise unreachable by any single-commit router, while the rest is recoverable specialist advantage; best-of-K sampling closes the floor.

  2. Resample or Reroute? Budget-Aware Test-Time Model Selection for Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    An online resample-or-reroute policy that allocates each unit of a per-query budget by estimated marginal correctness per unit cost attains a better cost–quality Pareto front than single-route, cascade, and best-of-K ...

  3. HACO: Hedged Agent Computing for Reliable LLM Systems

    cs.NI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    HACO adaptively selects a reliability-constrained hedge set of candidate LLM agent instances for each role invocation, improving robustness under changing deployment conditions at lower token/latency cost than full-po...

  4. Resample or Reroute? Budget-Aware Test-Time Model Selection for Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A greedy online policy that allocates a per-query budget between resampling the committed LLM and rerouting to an alternative achieves favorable cost-quality trade-offs, with gains concentrated on heterogeneous model ...

  5. SWE-Router: Routing in Multi-turn Agentic Software Engineering Tasks

    cs.SE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SWE-Router introduces trajectory-conditioned value-based routing for LLM agents on SWE tasks, with a Bayes-optimality theorem and empirical cost savings while retaining most strong-model performance.

  6. SeqRoute: Global Budget-Aware Sequential LLM Routing via Offline Reinforcement Learning

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SeqRoute applies offline RL with CQL and Hindsight Budget Relabeling to sequential LLM routing under global budgets, claiming 6.0-73.5% cost reduction, maintained or improved quality, and under 1% bankruptcy rate.

  7. ModelLens: Finding the Best for Your Task from Myriads of Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ModelLens learns a performance-aware latent space from 1.62M leaderboard records to rank unseen models on unseen datasets without forward passes on the target.

  8. Impacts of Aggregation on Model Diversity and Consumer Utility

    cs.GT 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    A winrate-only benchmark pushes AI model makers to homogenize and lowers consumer welfare; weighting winrate by answer value incentivizes specialization and improves welfare in the model's regime.

  9. R2-Router: A New Paradigm for LLM Routing with Reasoning

    cs.CL 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    R2-Router jointly selects the LLM and an output-token budget, modeling each model as a quality-cost curve rather than a fixed point, and reports 4-5x cost savings on its new R2-Bench.

  10. A Greedy PDE Router for Blending Neural Operators and Classical Methods

    stat.ME 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    An approximate greedy router for hybrid PDE solvers that mimics optimal selection without true error access and shows faster, more stable error reduction on test equations.

  11. Adapting Embedding Models for Agent Capability Retrieval

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Fine-tuning three off-the-shelf retrieval models on AgentSelect improved query-to-agent ranking on two unseen marketplace catalogs, MuleRun and ClawHub, across all three model families.

  12. AgentOpt v0.1 Technical Report: Client-Side Optimization for LLM-Based Agent

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    AgentOpt introduces a framework-agnostic package that uses algorithms like UCB-E to find cost-effective model assignments in multi-step LLM agent pipelines, cutting evaluation budgets by 62-76% while maintaining near-...