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Near-Peak Spectrum of Gravitational Waves from Collapsing Domain Walls

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arxiv 2504.02076 v1 pith:CNQKMUVT submitted 2025-04-02 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

Near-Peak Spectrum of Gravitational Waves from Collapsing Domain Walls

classification astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph
keywords domaingravitationalfrequencywavescollapsingdecayphasespectrum
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Cosmological domain walls appear in many well-motivated extensions to the standard model of particle physics. If produced, they quickly enter into a self-similar scaling regime, where they are capable of efficiently sourcing a stochastic background of gravitational waves. In order to avoid a cosmological catastrophe, they must also decay before their enormous energy densities can have adverse effects on background dynamics. Here, we provide a suite of lattice simulations to comprehensively study the gravitational wave signatures of the domain wall network during this decay phase. The domain walls are initially formed through spontaneous breaking of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, and subsequently decay through the action of a small bias term which causes regions of false vacuum to collapse. We find that gravitational waves are produced in abundance throughout this collapsing phase, leading to a shift in the peak frequency and increase in the overall amplitude of the spectrum by an $\mathcal{O}(100)$ factor when compared against simple analytic arguments. Importantly, we also find that the characteristic frequency of emitted gravitational waves increases as the network decays, which leads to a softening of the high frequency spectral index. This high frequency spectrum therefore carries key information related to the dynamics of the collapsing phase, and can be used to discriminate between different domain wall scenarios using upcoming data.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Loss of the Scaling Attractor in Self-Gravitating Domain Wall Networks

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Coupling domain wall networks to dynamical expansion shows the scaling attractor is lost, leading to wall-dominated frustration.

  2. Cuspidal Singularities in Collapsing Domain Walls

    hep-th 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    Collapsing domain walls generically form cuspidal edge and vertex singularities captured by Nambu-Goto and eikonal approximations and reproduced in field theory simulations.

  3. Domain walls through different cosmologies

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 accept novelty 6.5

    Domain-wall network area scales as S ≈ 2ξV/τ with ξ≈1.2 across cosmologies from dust to near-Minkowski, so the particle horizon—not H⁻¹—sets the correlation length and GW peak.

  4. Fixing IR tail of gravitational waves from domain walls

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Per-mode time averaging after source shutdown removes nonphysical IR wiggles in simulated GW spectra from domain walls; PRS scaling yields incorrect spectra even with rescaled sources.

  5. Domain Walls From Confining Bubbles: $SU(N_{c})$ Yang Mills at Finite $\theta$

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A nonzero theta angle weakens supercooling in SU(Nc) Yang-Mills confinement and makes any resulting domain-wall gravitational-wave signal invisible except under severe fine-tuning.

  6. Biased Domain Wall Networks and their Gravitational Waves

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Population-biased domain wall networks annihilate at T_ann ~ T_s B_s^0.8 and emit a single-broken-power-law gravitational-wave spectrum peaking near twice the Hubble scale.

  7. PTA-Compatible Domain Walls at LISA and Taiji: Bayesian Reconstruction and Multiband Inference

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Bayesian multiband analysis shows LISA and Taiji reconstruct PTA-compatible domain wall parameters in the strong-signal regime, with joint PTA priors reducing 10D degeneracies.