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Think When You Need: Self-Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Learning

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arxiv 2504.03234 v2 pith:XGJLYJ2C submitted 2025-04-04 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords reasoningdemonstratelengthmethodmodelsthinkwhenaccount
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances language models' performance but often leads to inefficient "overthinking" on simple problems. We identify that existing approaches directly penalizing reasoning length fail to account for varying problem complexity. Our approach constructs rewards through length and quality comparisons, guided by theoretical assumptions that jointly enhance solution correctness with conciseness. Moreover, we further demonstrate our method to fuzzy tasks where ground truth is unavailable. Experiments across multiple reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that our method maintains accuracy while generating significantly more concise explanations, effectively teaching models to "think when needed."

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Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. TrigReason: Trigger-Based Collaboration between Small and Large Reasoning Models

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    TrigReason matches large reasoning model accuracy on math and science benchmarks by delegating most steps to small models and intervening selectively on three triggers, cutting latency by 43.9% and cost by 73.3%.

  2. Compress-Distill: Reasoning Trace Compression for Efficient Knowledge Distillation

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Post-hoc model-based compression of reasoning traces cuts training tokens to 12-30% and speeds training 2-7.6x while retaining up to 96% of raw-trace accuracy, though raw traces remain superior at every scale.

  3. STOP: Structured On-Policy Pruning of Long-Form Reasoning in Low-Data Regimes

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    STOP uses structured on-policy analysis to prune long reasoning traces to their earliest correct node, cutting token usage 19-42% with little accuracy loss on math benchmarks.

  4. Towards Generalizable Reasoning: Group Causal Counterfactual Policy Optimization for LLM Reasoning

    cs.LG 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Group Causal Counterfactual Policy Optimization trains LLMs on generalizable reasoning by defining episodic rewards for counterfactual robustness and transferability then optimizing the policy with token-level advantages.

  5. Probing the Difficulty Perception Mechanism of Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs linearly encode math-problem difficulty in their final-token representations, and specific final-layer attention heads are specialized for easy vs hard problems.

  6. Reconsidering Overthinking: Penalizing Internal and External Redundancy in CoT Reasoning

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dual-penalty RL method that compresses chain-of-thought traces by separately penalizing internal semantic stagnation and external post-answer continuation reduces reasoning length by about 40% while preserving accur...

  7. Do Thinking Tokens Help or Trap? Towards More Efficient Large Reasoning Model

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Suppressing 'thinking tokens' in a 1.5B reasoning model preserves accuracy while cutting tokens, and the proposed DuP-PO RL method improves both accuracy and efficiency over GRPO.

  8. SLAT: Segment-Level Adaptive Trimming for Efficient CoT Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    SLAT applies segment-level adaptive trimming in RL to reduce CoT reasoning length by 50% while maintaining competitive accuracy on benchmarks.

  9. Failure Cases Are Better Learned But Boundary Says Sorry: Facilitating Smooth Perception Change for Accuracy-Robustness Trade-Off in Adversarial Training

    cs.CV 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A paper whose abstract describes new adversarial training experiments, but whose full text is a different paper on CoT compression, leaving the claims unsupported.

  10. Enhancing Large Language Models through Structured Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Structured reasoning tags plus a max-flow reward let a 1.5B model match the math accuracy of models trained for far longer, but the gains are within statistical noise.

  11. Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review that categorizes methods for shortening and adaptively triggering chain-of-thought reasoning in large language models.

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