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Discovering μHz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances

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arxiv 2504.15334 v1 pith:PECZWJRZ submitted 2025-04-21 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

Discovering μHz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances

classification astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph
keywords binaryanalysisdarkgravitationallasermattermodelingranging
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable orbital perturbations. In this work, we develop and apply a novel modeling and analysis framework that describes the imprints of GWs on binary systems in a fully time-resolved manner to study the sensitivity of lunar laser ranging, satellite laser ranging, and pulsar timing to both resonant and nonresonant GW backgrounds. We demonstrate that optimal data collection, modeling, and analysis lead to projected sensitivities which are orders of magnitude better than previously appreciated possible, opening up a new possibility for probing the physics-rich but notoriously challenging to access $\mu\mathrm{Hz}$ frequency GWs. We also discuss improved prospects for the detection of the stochastic fluctuations of ultra-light dark matter, which may analogously perturb the binary orbits.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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