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FRAG: Frame Selection Augmented Generation for Long Video and Long Document Understanding

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arxiv 2504.17447 v1 pith:XYBZXXFK submitted 2025-04-24 cs.CV cs.AI

FRAG: Frame Selection Augmented Generation for Long Video and Long Document Understanding

classification cs.CV cs.AI
keywords longfraglmmsmodelsselectioncontextdocumentdocuments
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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There has been impressive progress in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Recent works extend these models to long inputs, including multi-page documents and long videos. However, the model size and performance of these long context models are still limited due to the computational cost in both training and inference. In this work, we explore an orthogonal direction and process long inputs without long context LMMs. We propose Frame Selection Augmented Generation (FRAG), where the model first selects relevant frames within the input, and then only generates the final outputs based on the selected frames. The core of the selection process is done by scoring each frame independently, which does not require long context processing. The frames with the highest scores are then selected by a simple Top-K selection. We show that this frustratingly simple framework is applicable to both long videos and multi-page documents using existing LMMs without any fine-tuning. We consider two models, LLaVA-OneVision and InternVL2, in our experiments and show that FRAG consistently improves the performance and achieves state-of-the-art performances for both long video and long document understanding. For videos, FRAG substantially improves InternVL2-76B by 5.8% on MLVU and 3.7% on Video-MME. For documents, FRAG achieves over 20% improvements on MP-DocVQA compared with recent LMMs specialized in long document understanding. Code is available at: https://github.com/NVlabs/FRAG

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    GridProbe uses posterior probing on a KxK frame grid to adaptively select question-relevant frames, delivering up to 3.36x TFLOPs reduction with accuracy within 1.6 pp of the full-frame baseline on Video-MME-v2.

  2. QSVideo: Query-Conditioned Semantic Temporal Retrieval for Video Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    QSVideo reformulates questions into structured queries, ranks frames by object-action-location relevance plus diversity, and applies temporal strategies to boost VLM accuracy under tight frame budgets.

  3. Training-free Uncertainty Guidance for Complex Visual Tasks with MLLMs

    cs.CV 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    Selecting the visual input that minimizes an MLLM's output entropy (or maximizes its yes/no confidence) improves fine-grained visual search, long-video QA, and temporal grounding without any training.

  4. QCA: Query- and Content-Aware Keyframe Selection for Long Video Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    QCA selects compact, query-relevant keyframes from long videos via segment-wise budget allocation and diversity-aware addition, achieving higher accuracy than GPT-4o on LongVideoBench with half the frames.

  5. Towards Fast and Effective Long Video Understanding of Multimodal Large Language Models via Adaptive Quasi-Gaussian Sampling

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    AdaQ is a training-free adaptive quasi-Gaussian sampling method for keyframe selection that improves long-video understanding in MLLMs and can outperform GPT-4o with 64 frames.