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3D Scene Generation: A Survey

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arxiv 2505.05474 v1 pith:VAGICQK5 submitted 2025-05-08 cs.CV

3D Scene Generation: A Survey

classification cs.CV
keywords generationscenemodelsadvancesrecentapplicationsdiffusiondirections
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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3D scene generation seeks to synthesize spatially structured, semantically meaningful, and photorealistic environments for applications such as immersive media, robotics, autonomous driving, and embodied AI. Early methods based on procedural rules offered scalability but limited diversity. Recent advances in deep generative models (e.g., GANs, diffusion models) and 3D representations (e.g., NeRF, 3D Gaussians) have enabled the learning of real-world scene distributions, improving fidelity, diversity, and view consistency. Recent advances like diffusion models bridge 3D scene synthesis and photorealism by reframing generation as image or video synthesis problems. This survey provides a systematic overview of state-of-the-art approaches, organizing them into four paradigms: procedural generation, neural 3D-based generation, image-based generation, and video-based generation. We analyze their technical foundations, trade-offs, and representative results, and review commonly used datasets, evaluation protocols, and downstream applications. We conclude by discussing key challenges in generation capacity, 3D representation, data and annotations, and evaluation, and outline promising directions including higher fidelity, physics-aware and interactive generation, and unified perception-generation models. This review organizes recent advances in 3D scene generation and highlights promising directions at the intersection of generative AI, 3D vision, and embodied intelligence. To track ongoing developments, we maintain an up-to-date project page: https://github.com/hzxie/Awesome-3D-Scene-Generation.

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Cited by 16 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenes

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    OVOW reconstructs instance-level, simulation-ready 4D mesh scenes from monocular video via a four-stage training-free pipeline and introduces a new benchmark for structured Video-to-4D evaluation.

  2. IDEAL-Bench: Indoor Dataset and Evaluation suite for Analyzing 3D Layout reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    Current VLMs top out at 62.1/100 on holistic single-image 3D indoor layout prediction, with strong recognition but weak geometric regression, and mid-tier rankings that shift relative to QA and primitive-reconstructio...

  3. GTA: Advancing Image-to-3D World Generation via Geometry Then Appearance Video Diffusion

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    GTA generates 3D worlds from single images via a two-stage video diffusion process that prioritizes geometry before appearance to improve structural consistency.

  4. 3D Generation for Embodied AI and Robotic Simulation: A Survey

    cs.RO 2026-04 accept novelty 7.0

    3D generation for embodied AI is shifting from visual realism toward interaction readiness, organized into data generation, simulation environments, and sim-to-real bridging roles.

  5. SceneOrchestra: Efficient Agentic 3D Scene Synthesis via Full Tool-Call Trajectory Generation

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SceneOrchestra trains an orchestrator to generate full tool-call trajectories for 3D scene synthesis and uses a discriminator during training to select high-quality plans, yielding state-of-the-art results with lower runtime.

  6. RDSplat: Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting Against 2D and 3D Diffusion Editing

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0

    RDSplat is the first 3D Gaussian Splatting watermarking method that maintains 0.701 bit accuracy against both 2D and 3D diffusion editing by embedding only in low-frequency primitives selected via FAPS.

  7. IBRSteG: Learning a Generalizable Steganography Framework for 3D Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    IBRSteG learns a scene-independent embedding function via the GAS network to hide secret 3DGS scenes inside cover scenes with high visual quality, capacity, and security.

  8. NaLA: A 3D Native LLM Layout Agent for High-quality 3D Scene Generation

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    NaLA is a native 3D LLM layout agent that directly encodes 3D geometry and uses autoregressive discrete then continuous pose prediction to generate coherent 3D scenes.

  9. Embody4D: A Generalist Data Engine for Embodied 4D World Modeling

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Embody4D generates novel-view videos from monocular robot videos via a 3D-aware synthesis pipeline, confidence-aware expert modulation, and interaction-aware attention for embodied 4D world modeling.

  10. TabletopGen: Tabletop Scene Generation and Interactive Simulation for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    A training-free pipeline generates instance-level, physically interactive 3D tabletop scenes from text or one image, with a differentiable rotation optimizer and top-view spatial alignment for collision-free layouts.

  11. Embody4D: A Generalist Data Engine for Embodied 4D World Modeling

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Embody4D generates high-fidelity, view-consistent novel views from monocular videos for embodied scenarios via 3D-aware data synthesis, adaptive noise injection, and interaction-aware attention.

  12. From Visual Synthesis to Interactive Worlds: Toward Production-Ready 3D Asset Generation

    cs.GR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper surveys 3D asset generation methods and organizes them around the full production pipeline to assess which outputs meet engine-level requirements for interactive applications.

  13. From Visual Synthesis to Interactive Worlds: Toward Production-Ready 3D Asset Generation

    cs.GR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    The paper surveys 3D content generation literature using a taxonomy of asset types and production stages to evaluate progress toward engine-ready assets.

  14. From Virtual Environments to Real-World Trials: Emerging Trends in Autonomous Driving

    cs.AI 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A survey organizes synthetic data use, digital twin simulation, and domain adaptation techniques for autonomous driving while identifying open challenges like Sim2Real transfer.

  15. 3D Generation for Embodied AI and Robotic Simulation: A Survey

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    The survey organizes 3D generation for embodied AI into data generators for assets, simulation environments for interaction, and sim-to-real bridges, noting a shift toward interaction readiness and listing bottlenecks...

  16. 3D Generation for Embodied AI and Robotic Simulation: A Survey

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    The paper surveys 3D generation techniques for embodied AI and robotics, categorizing them into data generation, simulation environments, and sim-to-real bridging while identifying bottlenecks in physical validity and...