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Advancing LLM Safe Alignment with Safety Representation Ranking

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arxiv 2505.15710 v1 pith:6G4TBLAT submitted 2025-05-21 cs.CL cs.LG

Advancing LLM Safe Alignment with Safety Representation Ranking

classification cs.CL cs.LG
keywords safetyrankingdirectlyinternalmodelrepresentationrepresentationsresponses
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated milestone success in a variety of tasks, yet their potential for generating harmful content has raised significant safety concerns. Existing safety evaluation approaches typically operate directly on textual responses, overlooking the rich information embedded in the model's internal representations. In this paper, we propose Safety Representation Ranking (SRR), a listwise ranking framework that selects safe responses using hidden states from the LLM itself. SRR encodes both instructions and candidate completions using intermediate transformer representations and ranks candidates via a lightweight similarity-based scorer. Our approach directly leverages internal model states and supervision at the list level to capture subtle safety signals. Experiments across multiple benchmarks show that SRR significantly improves robustness to adversarial prompts. Our code will be available upon publication.

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Forward citations

Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. RACC: Representation-Aware Coverage Criteria for LLM Safety Testing

    cs.SE 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    RACC defines six representation-aware coverage criteria that score jailbreak test suites by measuring activation of safety concepts extracted from LLM hidden states on a calibration set.

  2. One Anchor for All: Unified Multilingual and Multimodal Safety Alignment for LVLMs

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A small set of model neurons shared across languages and modalities can transfer English-only safety training to multilingual and multimodal refusal behavior.

  3. Beyond Attack Success Rate: Temporal Logit Observability for LLM Safety Failures

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TLO is a logit-based diagnostic that visualizes temporal patterns of LLM jailbreak failures on a calibrated 2D plane, distinguishing attacks with identical ASR and enabling early stopping that reduces successful jailb...

  4. A Distributional View for Visual Mechanistic Interpretability: KL-Minimal Soft-Constraint Principle

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The work introduces a distributional view of visual mechanistic interpretability that casts the task as KL-minimal optimization and realizes it through a soft-constraint principle implemented with energy-guided diffus...

  5. Explaining and Breaking the Safety-Helpfulness Ceiling via Preference Dimensional Expansion

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MORA breaks the safety-helpfulness trade-off in LLM alignment by pre-sampling single-reward prompts and rewriting them to expand multi-dimensional reward diversity, yielding 5-12.4% single-preference gains in sequenti...

  6. Explaining and Breaking the Safety-Helpfulness Ceiling via Preference Dimensional Expansion

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MORA breaks the safety-helpfulness ceiling in LLMs by pre-sampling single-reward prompts and rewriting them to incorporate multi-dimensional intents, delivering 5-12.4% gains in sequential alignment and 4.6% overall i...

  7. Enabling Performant and Flexible Model-Internal Observability for LLM Inference

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DMI-Lib delivers 0.4-6.8% overhead for offline batch LLM inference and ~6% for moderate online serving while exposing rich internal signals across backends, cutting latency overhead 2-15x versus prior observability baselines.

  8. Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Precise Shield identifies safety neurons in VLLMs via activation contrasts and aligns only them with gradient masking, boosting safety, preserving generalization, and enabling zero-shot cross-lingual and cross-modal transfer.

  9. Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models

    cs.CV 2026-04 conditional novelty 5.0

    A neuron-targeted safety tuning method for VLLMs reduces attack success rates from ~20-30% to ~4-6% on average across ten languages while using less than 0.03% of parameters.

  10. ReGA: Model-Based Safeguard for LLMs via Representation-Guided Abstraction

    cs.CR 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    ReGA uses safety-critical representations to guide abstraction in model-based analysis, enabling scalable detection of harmful LLM inputs with reported AUROC of 0.975 at prompt level.