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Code Graph Model (CGM): A Graph-Integrated Large Language Model for Repository-Level Software Engineering Tasks

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arxiv 2505.16901 v4 pith:NNREA2JD submitted 2025-05-22 cs.SE cs.LG

Code Graph Model (CGM): A Graph-Integrated Large Language Model for Repository-Level Software Engineering Tasks

classification cs.SE cs.LG
keywords codegraphmodelopen-sourcellmsmodelsrepository-leveltasks
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in function-level code generation, yet repository-level software engineering tasks remain challenging. Current solutions predominantly rely on proprietary LLM agents, which introduce unpredictability and limit accessibility, raising concerns about data privacy and model customization. This paper investigates whether open-source LLMs can effectively address repository-level tasks without requiring agent-based approaches. We demonstrate this is possible by enabling LLMs to comprehend functions and files within codebases through their semantic information and structural dependencies. To this end, we introduce Code Graph Models (CGMs), which integrate repository code graph structures into the LLM's attention mechanism and map node attributes to the LLM's input space using a specialized adapter. When combined with an agentless graph RAG framework, our approach achieves a 43.00% resolution rate on the SWE-bench Lite benchmark using the open-source Qwen2.5-72B model. This performance ranks first among open weight models, second among methods with open-source systems, and eighth overall, surpassing the previous best open-source model-based method by 12.33%.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Deep Graph-Language Fusion for Structure-Aware Code Generation

    cs.SE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CGFuse enables deep token-level fusion of graph-derived structural features into language models, yielding 10-16% BLEU and 6-11% CodeBLEU gains on code generation tasks.

  2. DiagramBank: A Large-scale Dataset of Diagram Design Exemplars with Paper Metadata for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    cs.IR 2026-02 accept novelty 7.0

    DiagramBank is a large-scale curated dataset of 89,422 schematic diagrams from scientific papers with rich metadata to support multimodal retrieval and exemplar-driven figure generation.

  3. WebDesignIter: Co-Evolving Design Knowledge for Repository-Level Front-End Code Generation

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A co-evolving design-and-code knowledge graph improves multi-iteration front-end repository generation by ~9.5 Pass@2 points and cuts input tokens 25–30× versus agent baselines.

  4. Integrating Graphs, Large Language Models, and Agents: Reasoning and Retrieval

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A structured survey organizing graph-LLM integration methods by purpose, modality, and strategy across application domains.

  5. Process-Centric Analysis of Agentic Software Systems

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    Graphectory turns stochastic agent trajectories into analyzable graphs, showing that stronger models and successful fixes follow coherent localization-validation steps while failures are chaotic, and online detection ...

  6. Code as Agent Harness

    cs.CL 2026-05 accept novelty 5.0

    A survey that organizes existing work on LLM-based agents around code as the central harness, structured in three layers of interfaces, mechanisms, and multi-agent scaling, with applications across domains and listed ...

  7. SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Context

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    SWE-AGILE introduces a Dynamic Reasoning Context with sliding windows of detailed steps and compressed Reasoning Digests to enable efficient long-horizon reasoning in software engineering agents, claiming new benchmar...

  8. Code Isn't Memory: A Structural Codebase Index Inside a Coding Agent

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Ablation study finds that a structural codebase index improves localization and resolve rates in coding agents on two SWE benchmarks without raising per-cell cost.

  9. Position: How can Graphs Help Large Language Models?

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    Graphs can help LLMs reduce hallucinations, boost reasoning via prompting techniques, and better process structured data.