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Multiparty entanglement loops in quantum spin liquids

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arxiv 2505.18124 v2 pith:6PHMFM2I submitted 2025-05-23 cond-mat.str-el quant-ph

Multiparty entanglement loops in quantum spin liquids

classification cond-mat.str-el quant-ph
keywords entanglementqslsquantumloopsmultipartyanyonsgaugeliquids
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) give rise to exotic emergent particles by weaving intricate entanglement patterns in the underlying electrons. Bipartite measures between subregions can detect the presence of anyons, but little is known about the full entanglement structure of QSLs. Here, we study the multiparty entanglement of QSLs via entanglement microscopy. We find that in contrast to conventional matter, the genuine multiparty entanglement (GME) between spins is absent in the smallest subregions, a phenomenon we call "entanglement frustration". Instead, GME is more collective, and arises solely in loops. By exploiting exact results and large-scale numerics, we confirm these properties in various gapped and gapless QSLs realised in physically motivated Hamiltonians, as well as with string-net wavefunctions hosting abelian or non-abelian anyons. Our results shed new light on the phase diagram of Kitaev's honeycomb model in a Zeeman field, and the Kagome Heisenberg model under various perturbations. Going beyond QSLs, we provide evidence that entanglement loops are a universal property of quantum gauge theories. This leads to a new understanding of fractionalization, and the means by which gauge bosons encode quantum information.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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  2. Network-Irreducible Multiparty Entanglement in Quantum Matter

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