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Visual Embodied Brain: Let Multimodal Large Language Models See, Think, and Control in Spaces

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arxiv 2506.00123 v1 pith:IOYHG2TW submitted 2025-05-30 cs.CV cs.RO

Visual Embodied Brain: Let Multimodal Large Language Models See, Think, and Control in Spaces

classification cs.CV cs.RO
keywords vebraincapabilitiesmultimodalcontrolmllmsexistingleggedrobotic
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The remarkable progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has attracted increasing attention to extend them to physical entities like legged robot. This typically requires MLLMs to not only grasp multimodal understanding abilities, but also integrate visual-spatial reasoning and physical interaction capabilities. Nevertheless,existing methods struggle to unify these capabilities due to their fundamental differences.In this paper, we present the Visual Embodied Brain (VeBrain), a unified framework for perception, reasoning, and control in real world. VeBrain reformulates robotic control into common text-based MLLM tasks in the 2D visual space, thus unifying the objectives and mapping spaces of different tasks. Then, a novel robotic adapter is proposed to convert textual control signals from MLLMs to motion policies of real robots. From the data perspective, we further introduce VeBrain-600k, a high-quality instruction dataset encompassing various capabilities of VeBrain. In VeBrain-600k, we take hundreds of hours to collect, curate and annotate the data, and adopt multimodal chain-of-thought(CoT) to mix the different capabilities into a single conversation. Extensive experiments on 13 multimodal benchmarks and 5 spatial intelligence benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of VeBrain to existing MLLMs like Qwen2.5-VL. When deployed to legged robots and robotic arms, VeBrain shows strong adaptability, flexibility, and compositional capabilities compared to existing methods. For example, compared to Qwen2.5-VL, VeBrain not only achieves substantial gains on MMVet by +5.6%, but also excels in legged robot tasks with +50% average gains.

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Cited by 18 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    3D-VCD reduces hallucinations in 3D-LLM embodied agents by contrasting predictions from original and distorted 3D scene representations at inference time.

  2. OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMs

    cs.CV 2026-06 accept novelty 7.0

    OVO-S-Bench provides 1680 human-annotated questions on 348 videos to measure streaming spatial intelligence in MLLMs across instantaneous perception, spatiotemporal tracking, spatial simulation, and allocentric mapping.

  3. SpaceDG: Benchmarking Spatial Intelligence under Visual Degradation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SpaceDG is the first large-scale benchmark dataset (~1M QA pairs) simulating nine visual degradations in 3DGS-rendered scenes to measure and improve spatial intelligence robustness in MLLMs.

  4. SpaceDG: Benchmarking Spatial Intelligence under Visual Degradation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SpaceDG introduces the first large-scale degradation-aware spatial reasoning dataset using 3D Gaussian Splatting synthesis, showing that visual degradations impair MLLM performance but finetuning on the data improves ...

  5. Token Warping Helps MLLMs Look from Nearby Viewpoints

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    Backward token warping in ViT-based MLLMs enables reliable reasoning from nearby viewpoints by preserving semantic coherence better than pixel-wise warping or fine-tuning baselines.

  6. ACE-Brain-0.5: A Unified Embodied Foundational Model for Physical Agentic AI

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

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  7. RoboPIN: Grounded Embodied Reasoning via Pinned Chain-of-Thought

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Introduces PinCoT paradigm with visual reasoning anchors, builds PIN-170K dataset via automated pipeline, and trains 4B RoboPIN model via three-stage post-training to outperform 7B baselines by 12% on embodied reasoni...

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    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GeoWorld-VLM aligns VLM image features with intermediate representations from camera-conditioned world models via fine-tuning only the encoder and projector, yielding ~4% gains on What'sUp and VSR spatial benchmarks a...

  10. MiMo-Embodied: X-Embodied Foundation Model Technical Report

    cs.RO 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MiMo-Embodied is a single foundation model that achieves state-of-the-art results on 17 embodied AI benchmarks and 12 autonomous driving benchmarks through multi-stage learning, curated data, and CoT/RL fine-tuning th...

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    cs.RO 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.

  12. SPARC: Reliable Spatial Annotations from Robot Demonstrations at Scale

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SPARC generates reliable spatial annotations for robot demonstrations by leveraging spatio-temporal task structure, outperforming detection baselines on localization accuracy while retaining more samples and enabling ...

  13. Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Models

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  14. GEM: Generative Supervision Helps Embodied Intelligence

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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  15. Extending Embodied Question Answering from Perception to Decision

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  16. GeoWorld-VLM: Geometry from World Models for Vision-Language Models

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    cs.RO 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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  18. Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Models

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    An 8B embodied foundation model trained on 15B tokens with multi-task RL and a Planner-Grounder-Corrector loop claims SOTA on 16/24 embodied VLM benchmarks and strong VLA/real-robot transfer.