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Single-shot parity readout of a minimal Kitaev chain

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arxiv 2507.01606 v1 pith:BGWM4DNR submitted 2025-07-02 cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con

Single-shot parity readout of a minimal Kitaev chain

Nick van Loo , Francesco Zatelli , Gorm O. Steffensen , Bart Roovers , Guanzhong Wang , Thomas Van Caekenberghe , Alberto Bordin , David van Driel
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Yining Zhang Wietze D. Huisman Ghada Badawy Erik P.A.M. Bakkers Grzegorz P. Mazur Ram\'on Aguado Leo P. Kouwenhoven
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classification cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
keywords parityquantumchainmajoranaqubitsmodesstatedots
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Protecting qubits from noise is essential for building reliable quantum computers. Topological qubits offer a route to this goal by encoding quantum information non-locally, using pairs of Majorana zero modes. These modes form a shared fermionic state whose occupation -- either even or odd -- defines the fermionic parity that encodes the qubit. Crucially, this parity cannot be accessed by any measurement that probes only one Majorana mode. This reflects the non-local nature of the encoding and its inherent protection against noise. A promising platform for realizing such qubits is the Kitaev chain, implemented in quantum dots coupled via superconductors. Even a minimal chain of two dots can host a pair of Majorana modes and store quantum information in their joint parity. Here we introduce a new technique for reading out this parity, based on quantum capacitance. This global probe senses the joint state of the chain and enables real-time, single-shot discrimination of the parity state. By comparing with simultaneous local charge sensing, we confirm that only the global signal resolves the parity. We observe random telegraph switching and extract parity lifetimes exceeding one millisecond. These results establish the essential readout step for time-domain control of Majorana qubits, resolving a long-standing experimental challenge.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Assessing Majorana states and qubits through quantum capacitance

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Quantum capacitance with an auxiliary quantum dot measures ground-state energy splitting and Majorana overlap in topological qubits via peak positions and magnitudes in even and odd parity sectors.

  2. Quantum capacitance and parity switching of a quantum-dot-based Kitaev chain

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Quantum capacitance diagrams in a quantum-dot Kitaev chain identify the sweet spot for Majorana modes and reveal distinct parity switches from lead coupling versus quasiparticle poisoning.

  3. Hybrid superinductance with Al/InAs

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0

    Al/InAs Josephson-junction chains exhibit superinductance with linear dispersion to 12 GHz, while internal loss increases roughly as 1/frequency.

  4. Machine-learned tuning to protected states by probing noise resilience

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    Minimizing the average ground-state splitting under injected random noise tunes short quantum-dot Kitaev chains to Majorana sweet spots.

  5. Free Majorana Fermions with Superconducting Quantum Wires and a Magnetic Impurity

    cond-mat.str-el 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A magnetic impurity bridging two s-wave superconducting wires hosts two protected zero-energy Majorana fermions arising from the two-channel Kondo interaction with a spin-gapped edge state.