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Pseudo-gauge invariant non-equilibrium density operator
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We obtain a form of the local thermodynamic equilibrium density operator which is invariant under pseudo-gauge transformations of the stress-energy and the spin tensors. This operator is an excellent candidate to describe the dynamics of a system which is assumed to achieve local equilibrium from a pseudo-gauge invariant quantum state, a situation which is believed to occur, for instance, in nuclear collisions at very high energy. As a consequence of pseudo-gauge invariance, the ambiguity affecting the predictions of mean values of observables from a local equilibrium state can be removed.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Exact expectation values in a boost-invariant fluid of Dirac fermions with finite spin density
Exact calculations in a boost-invariant free Dirac fermion fluid show spin polarization arises only from finite spin potential, with shear-induced polarization and spin Hall effect absent.
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Gaussian pseudogauge invariant hydrodynamics with spin
A formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics with spin is presented that achieves pseudo-gauge invariance and foliation covariance through torsion and second-order gravitational Ward identities.
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Spin dynamics and polarization in relativistic systems: recent developments
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.
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