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Efficient Qudit Circuit for Quench Dynamics of 2+1D Quantum Link Electrodynamics

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arxiv 2507.12589 v1 pith:AXXXVH3S submitted 2025-07-16 quant-ph cond-mat.quant-gashep-lat

Efficient Qudit Circuit for Quench Dynamics of 2+1D Quantum Link Electrodynamics

classification quant-ph cond-mat.quant-gashep-lat
keywords quantumgaugelatticetheoriescircuitslinkquditdynamics
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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A major challenge in the burgeoning field of quantum simulation for high-energy physics is the realization of scalable $2+1$D lattice gauge theories on state-of-the-art quantum hardware, which is an essential step towards the overarching goal of probing $3+1$D quantum chromodynamics on a quantum computer. Despite great progress, current experimental implementations of $2+1$D lattice gauge theories are mostly restricted to relatively small system sizes and two-level representations of the gauge and electric fields. Here, we propose a resource-efficient method for quantum simulating $2+1$D spin-$S$ $\mathrm{U}(1)$ quantum link lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter using qudit-based quantum processors. By integrating out the matter fields through Gauss's law, we reformulate the quantum link model in a purely spin picture compatible with qudit encoding across arbitrary spatial dimensions, eliminating the need for ancillary qubits and reducing resource overhead. Focusing first on the spin-$1/2$ case, we construct explicit circuits for the full Hamiltonian and demonstrate through numerical simulations that the first-order Trotterized circuits accurately capture the quench dynamics even in the presence of realistic noise levels. Additionally, we introduce a general method for constructing coupling-term circuits for higher-spin representations $S>1/2$. Compared to conventional qubit encodings, our framework significantly reduces the number of quantum resources and gate count. Our approach significantly enhances scalability and fidelity for probing nonequilibrium phenomena in higher-dimensional lattice gauge theories, and is readily amenable to implementation on state-of-the-art qudit platforms.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Non-Abelian String-Breaking Dynamics on a Qudit Quantum Computer

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    First experimental quantum simulation of genuine non-Abelian string breaking in an SU(2) pure gauge theory on a qudit trapped-ion computer, resolving oscillations and coherent breaking driven by plaquette interactions.

  2. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.

  3. SU(2) gauge theory with fermions on a semi-simple cubic lattice

    hep-lat 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Introduces the semi-simple cubic (ssc) lattice for 3D SU(2) gauge theory with staggered fermions, reducing qubit count and streamlining Gauss's law for quantum hardware.

  4. Comparing Qubit and Qudit Encodings for EV Charging and Trip Assignment Problems

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Qudit encodings for EV trip assignments cut the Hilbert space dimension exponentially and match or exceed qubit-based QAOA performance on constrained uni- and bi-directional charging problems.

  5. Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Qudit encodings for quadratic diagonal evolutions require exponentially stronger synthesis advantages than qubits to win asymptotically in product formulas but can yield constant-factor savings in LCU at low d.

  6. Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators

    quant-ph 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0

    For diagonal quadratic evolutions, qubit encodings are asymptotically cheaper than qudit encodings in both Trotter and LCU settings, but small-dimension qudits can win under favorable synthesis or code-switching assumptions.

  7. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Error-mitigated IBM quantum hardware reproduces extrapolated classical simulations of entanglement growth and local thermalization for a truncated SU(2) gauge theory on chains up to 101 plaquettes.

  8. Quantum Error Correction Codes for Truncated SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theories

    quant-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    Gauss's law constraints in jmax=1/2 SU(2) lattice gauge theory are converted into stabilizer codes that correct single-qubit errors using about 9N or 12N physical qubits per N plaquettes.

  9. Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper derives explicit finite-d break-even synthesis costs for qudit vs. qubit encodings of diagonal quadratic operators in product-formula and LCU simulations, identifying low-d regions where qudits yield savings.