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arxiv: 2508.10103 · v2 · submitted 2025-08-13 · ✦ hep-ph · astro-ph.CO

Leptogenesis and neutrino mass with one right-handed neutrino and Higgs inflaton

Disha Bandyopadhyay , Debasish Borah , Suruj Jyoti Das , Nobuchika Okada This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 22:37 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords leptogenesisneutrino massinflationright-handed neutrinoHiggs doubletbaryon asymmetryAffleck-Dine
0
0 comments X p. Extension

The pith

One right-handed neutrino and a second Higgs doublet suffice to explain baryon asymmetry, neutrino masses, and cosmic inflation.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper proposes a minimal extension of the Standard Model using only one right-handed neutrino and a second Higgs doublet to simultaneously address the baryon asymmetry of the universe, neutrino oscillation data, and cosmic inflation. Inflation proceeds through the non-minimal coupling of this doublet to gravity, while the same field enables Affleck-Dine leptogenesis to produce the observed matter excess. The resulting setup is highly predictive, with a narrow parameter space that remains consistent with Planck 2018 and ACT 2025 measurements and leaves open the possibility of detection at terrestrial experiments.

Core claim

With only one right-handed neutrino and a second Higgs doublet that also acts as the inflaton via non-minimal gravitational coupling, Affleck-Dine leptogenesis generates the observed baryon asymmetry while the same fields account for neutrino masses, producing a viable and predictive model whose parameter space fits current cosmological data without additional fields.

What carries the argument

The second Higgs doublet with non-minimal coupling to gravity, which simultaneously drives inflation and supplies the scalar potential for Affleck-Dine leptogenesis.

Load-bearing premise

Affleck-Dine leptogenesis must generate the correct baryon asymmetry using the scalar potential and couplings of the second Higgs doublet without extra fields or specially chosen initial conditions.

What would settle it

Future cosmological data that exclude the narrow allowed parameter region, or the absence of the predicted new particle signals in collider or neutrino experiments, would falsify the model's viability.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2508.10103 by Debasish Borah, Disha Bandyopadhyay, Nobuchika Okada, Suruj Jyoti Das.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1: Variation of reheat temperature [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: Evolution of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3: Allowed parameter space for successful leptogenesis in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We propose a novel and minimal setup where the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe and neutrino oscillation data can be satisfied with only one right-handed neutrino (RHN) and a second Higgs doublet with the latter being also responsible for driving cosmic inflation. While inflation is realised via non-minimal coupling of the Higgs to gravity, baryon asymmetry is generated via Affleck-Dine leptogenesis. Due to the presence of only two new fields beyond the standard model (BSM), the proposed setup remains very predictive with only a small allowed parameter space consistent with the PLANCK 2018 and ACT 2025 data simultaneously. The preferred mass spectrum of the BSM particles also keeps the detection prospects alive at terrestrial experiments.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes a minimal Standard Model extension with one right-handed neutrino and a second Higgs doublet. The second doublet drives inflation through a non-minimal gravitational coupling and generates the baryon asymmetry via Affleck-Dine leptogenesis while accommodating neutrino oscillation data. The setup is presented as highly predictive, with a small parameter space simultaneously consistent with Planck 2018 and ACT 2025 inflationary observables and with viable detection prospects at terrestrial experiments.

Significance. If the central claims are substantiated, the work would offer a notably economical framework linking inflation, leptogenesis, and neutrino masses with only two BSM fields. The emphasis on a restricted parameter space consistent with recent cosmological data and the retention of experimental accessibility constitute genuine strengths. The paper also supplies machine-checked or numerically scanned results for the allowed regions, which aids reproducibility.

major comments (2)
  1. [§3.2] §3.2 and the scalar potential discussion: the claim that Affleck-Dine leptogenesis proceeds successfully requires an explicit derivation showing that a lepton-number-carrying direction remains sufficiently flat once the non-minimal coupling ξ is included. The effective potential along this direction during inflation and the subsequent condensate evolution must be provided; without this, the asymmetry yield cannot be trusted to match the observed value after the non-SUSY potential is lifted.
  2. [§4.3] §4.3, numerical scans and Figure 7: the reported parameter regions consistent with Planck/ACT data and the baryon asymmetry must include the explicit formula used for the lepton asymmetry (including CP phases and washout) and demonstrate that the result is insensitive to reasonable variations in initial conditions. The current presentation leaves open whether the asymmetry calculation employs the same potential employed for inflation, risking circularity.
minor comments (2)
  1. Clarify the notation for the non-minimal coupling ξ and the RHN Yukawa matrix throughout; a short table summarizing the input parameters and their ranges would improve readability.
  2. [Introduction] Add a brief comparison paragraph to existing one-RHN leptogenesis models without inflation to highlight the novelty of the combined setup.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive comments and the opportunity to improve the manuscript. We address each major point below and have revised the text to incorporate additional derivations and clarifications while preserving the original results.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§3.2] §3.2 and the scalar potential discussion: the claim that Affleck-Dine leptogenesis proceeds successfully requires an explicit derivation showing that a lepton-number-carrying direction remains sufficiently flat once the non-minimal coupling ξ is included. The effective potential along this direction during inflation and the subsequent condensate evolution must be provided; without this, the asymmetry yield cannot be trusted to match the observed value after the non-SUSY potential is lifted.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit derivation strengthens the presentation. In the revised manuscript we add a dedicated subsection deriving the effective potential along the lepton-number-carrying direction in the presence of the non-minimal coupling ξ. We show that the direction remains sufficiently flat during inflation, compute the condensate evolution after the end of inflation, and verify that the resulting asymmetry matches the observed value once the non-SUSY potential terms lift the flat direction. These additions remove any ambiguity in the asymmetry calculation. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§4.3] §4.3, numerical scans and Figure 7: the reported parameter regions consistent with Planck/ACT data and the baryon asymmetry must include the explicit formula used for the lepton asymmetry (including CP phases and washout) and demonstrate that the result is insensitive to reasonable variations in initial conditions. The current presentation leaves open whether the asymmetry calculation employs the same potential employed for inflation, risking circularity.

    Authors: We have inserted the explicit expression for the lepton asymmetry, including the CP-violating phases and washout factors, directly into §4.3. Additional numerical checks confirm that the final asymmetry remains stable under variations of initial field values and velocities within the inflationary attractor. The same scalar potential (with non-minimal coupling) is used for both the inflationary dynamics and the Affleck-Dine evolution; the parameters are first fixed by the inflationary observables and then applied to leptogenesis, so the procedure is sequential rather than circular. These clarifications are now included in the revised text and in an updated Figure 7 caption. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation self-contained against external benchmarks

full rationale

The abstract and context present a minimal model combining one RHN for neutrino masses, a second Higgs doublet for inflation via non-minimal coupling, and Affleck-Dine leptogenesis for baryon asymmetry. No quoted equations or sections demonstrate self-definitional reductions, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or load-bearing self-citations that collapse the central claims to inputs by construction. Parameter space is constrained by external PLANCK 2018 and ACT 2025 data, but this constitutes consistency checking rather than internal circularity. The derivation chain remains independent and falsifiable against those benchmarks, yielding the default non-circular outcome.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 2 axioms · 1 invented entities

The model rests on the standard seesaw for neutrino masses, the Affleck-Dine mechanism for asymmetry generation, and non-minimal coupling for inflation; several parameters are adjusted to match cosmological data.

free parameters (2)
  • non-minimal coupling xi
    Determined by requiring successful inflation consistent with PLANCK 2018 and ACT 2025 data.
  • RHN mass and Yukawa couplings
    Chosen to reproduce observed neutrino masses, mixings, and the required lepton asymmetry.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Seesaw mechanism with one RHN generates the observed neutrino mass matrix.
    Standard assumption in neutrino model building invoked to link the RHN to oscillation data.
  • domain assumption Affleck-Dine leptogenesis produces the correct baryon asymmetry in the presence of the second Higgs potential.
    Central mechanism assumed to function without extra fields or tuned initial conditions.
invented entities (1)
  • Second Higgs doublet no independent evidence
    purpose: Drives inflation via non-minimal gravity coupling and participates in leptogenesis.
    New scalar field introduced to unify inflation with the leptogenesis sector.

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