A four-body decay of a new scalar via off-shell right-handed neutrinos generates sufficient CP asymmetry to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in two cosmological scenarios.
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Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation
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We report on the implications for cosmic inflation of the 2018 Release of the Planck CMB anisotropy measurements. The results are fully consistent with the two previous Planck cosmological releases, but have smaller uncertainties thanks to improvements in the characterization of polarization at low and high multipoles. Planck temperature, polarization, and lensing data determine the spectral index of scalar perturbations to be $n_\mathrm{s}=0.9649\pm 0.0042$ at 68% CL and show no evidence for a scale dependence of $n_\mathrm{s}.$ Spatial flatness is confirmed at a precision of 0.4% at 95% CL with the combination with BAO data. The Planck 95% CL upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r_{0.002}<0.10$, is further tightened by combining with the BICEP2/Keck Array BK15 data to obtain $r_{0.002}<0.056$. In the framework of single-field inflationary models with Einstein gravity, these results imply that: (a) slow-roll models with a concave potential, $V" (\phi) < 0,$ are increasingly favoured by the data; and (b) two different methods for reconstructing the inflaton potential find no evidence for dynamics beyond slow roll. Non-parametric reconstructions of the primordial power spectrum consistently confirm a pure power law. A complementary analysis also finds no evidence for theoretically motivated parameterized features in the Planck power spectrum, a result further strengthened for certain oscillatory models by a new combined analysis that includes Planck bispectrum data. The new Planck polarization data provide a stringent test of the adiabaticity of the initial conditions. The polarization data also provide improved constraints on inflationary models that predict a small statistically anisotropic quadrupolar modulation of the primordial fluctuations. However, the polarization data do not confirm physical models for a scale-dependent dipolar modulation.
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- abstract We report on the implications for cosmic inflation of the 2018 Release of the Planck CMB anisotropy measurements. The results are fully consistent with the two previous Planck cosmological releases, but have smaller uncertainties thanks to improvements in the characterization of polarization at low and high multipoles. Planck temperature, polarization, and lensing data determine the spectral index of scalar perturbations to be $n_\mathrm{s}=0.9649\pm 0.0042$ at 68% CL and show no evidence for a scale dependence of $n_\mathrm{s}.$ Spatial flatness is confirmed at a precision of 0.4% at 95% CL w
- background Mike Stillman, "The Kreuzer-Skarke Axiverse," JHEP 04, 138 (2020), arXiv:1808.01282 [hep-th]. [42] Mehmet Demirtas, Andres Rios-Tascon, and Liam McAllister, "CYTools: A Software Package for Analyz- ing Calabi-Yau Manifolds," (2022), arXiv:2211.03823 [hep-th]. [43] Prateek Agrawal, Michael Nee, and Mario Reig, "Ax- ion Couplings in Heterotic String Theory," (2024), arXiv:2410.03820 [hep-ph]. [44] Mario Reig and Timo Weigand, "Testing the Het- erotic String with the Axion-Photon Coupling," (2025),
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representative citing papers
CMB isocurvature distinguishes Higgsed dark-photon DM production histories via a model-independent response formalism, requiring q_eff >=2 and initial displacements >3.5e4 H_* for perturbative full-abundance cases.
An inverse-scattering method reconstructs inflationary potentials from primordial power spectra using Jost functions derived from the Mukhanov-Sasaki equation.
Exact solution of time-reversed stochastic inflation in the quantum well yields curvature perturbation distributions with faster-decaying exponential tails than forward stochastic inflation.
Dissipation of small-scale primordial perturbations after neutrino decoupling cools relic neutrinos and reduces their abundance, enabling PTOLEMY to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum to O(0.1) on scales k ≲ 3×10^5 Mpc^{-1}.
Heterotic string theory implies the QCD axion mass is bounded below by 0.5 neV and typically falls in [0.5, 0.8] neV across most compactifications.
Fractional gravity yields stable de Sitter expansion and exact bouncing solutions driven by phantom (w < -1) or ghost (negative energy) fluids, with results independent of the form-factor representation.
The Paneitz operator in 4D belongs to extended mimetic gravity and is constrained by gravitational wave propagation speed.
Conditioning CAMELS-SAM simulations on the stellar mass function or stellar-to-halo mass relation reduces uncertainty in b_phi by 88-97% for DESI emission line galaxy samples while remaining consistent across galaxy formation variations.
Dilaton backreaction on an anomaly-inspired axion potential generates a closed-form Lambert-W flattened hilltop, giving r ≈ 0.033–0.036 and α_s ≈ −4.6×10^{-4} at N=56 with strictly adiabatic dynamics.
For monomial inflationary potentials with k≥4, the inflaton regenerates from the thermal bath after reheating because its amplitude-dependent mass vanishes asymptotically.
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
Derives the power spectrum evolution and cross-spectra for arbitrary multi-species wave and particle dark matter, incorporating free-streaming, Jeans scales, and intrinsic fluctuations.
Presents a general analytic framework based on truncated BBGKY hierarchy solved via Volterra equations for computing power spectra in multi-species dark matter with finite velocity dispersion and Poisson fluctuations.
In pure axion inflation, detectable gravitational wave signals arise only in parameter regions with strong backreaction that violate the upper bound on ΔN_eff.
The non-perturbative technique for scalar power spectra with large fluctuations matches the perturbative Inflationary Fossils results to first order in six cases and may extend to all orders.
Warm inflation models with pseudo-scalar couplings require inclusion of induced chemical potentials that make the thermal friction-fluctuation relation model-dependent rather than universal.
Higher-curvature gravities are constructed in which both FLRW backgrounds and linearized scalar perturbations obey at most second-order differential equations.
Stochastic inflationary fluctuations cannot supply the large dark-Higgs displacement required for broad parametric resonance production of vector dark matter, but a classically sourced Hubble-induced minimum can, with distinct relic scaling and consistency conditions.
Periodic warm inflation imprints one log-periodic feature on the curvature spectrum that saturates asteroid-mass PBHs, generates dual-band GW backgrounds, and offsets the bispectrum phase by a quarter cycle fixed by spectral running.
Analytical formulae for power spectrum peaks in constant-roll inflation enable parameter reconstruction from peak features and smoothed approximations for induced gravitational wave estimates.
LLM embeddings condition a generative transformer to enable faster convergence, better performance, and generalization to unseen LHC processes using a single model.
In warm inflation with Υ∝T³, a residual inflaton condensate after rapid drop in Q evolves as cold dark matter with mass fixed at m≈0.02 MeV by the observed abundance.
citing papers explorer
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Leptogenesis without on-shell right-handed neutrinos
A four-body decay of a new scalar via off-shell right-handed neutrinos generates sufficient CP asymmetry to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in two cosmological scenarios.
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CMB Test of the Higgs Origin of Dark-Photon Dark Matter
CMB isocurvature distinguishes Higgsed dark-photon DM production histories via a model-independent response formalism, requiring q_eff >=2 and initial displacements >3.5e4 H_* for perturbative full-abundance cases.
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Inverse-Scattering Reconstruction of Inflation from Scalar and Tensor Primordial Spectra
An inverse-scattering method reconstructs inflationary potentials from primordial power spectra using Jost functions derived from the Mukhanov-Sasaki equation.
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Time-reversed stochastic inflation in the quantum well
Exact solution of time-reversed stochastic inflation in the quantum well yields curvature perturbation distributions with faster-decaying exponential tails than forward stochastic inflation.
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Probing the small-scale primordial power spectrum via relic neutrinos and acoustic reheating
Dissipation of small-scale primordial perturbations after neutrino decoupling cools relic neutrinos and reduces their abundance, enabling PTOLEMY to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum to O(0.1) on scales k ≲ 3×10^5 Mpc^{-1}.
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Heterotic String Theory Suggests a QCD Axion Near 0.5 neV
Heterotic string theory implies the QCD axion mass is bounded below by 0.5 neV and typically falls in [0.5, 0.8] neV across most compactifications.
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Cosmology of fractional gravity
Fractional gravity yields stable de Sitter expansion and exact bouncing solutions driven by phantom (w < -1) or ghost (negative energy) fluids, with results independent of the form-factor representation.
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Gravitational wave constraints on the Paneitz operator
The Paneitz operator in 4D belongs to extended mimetic gravity and is constrained by gravitational wave propagation speed.
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Informative Priors on Primordial Non-Gaussianity Bias $b_{\phi}$ From Galaxy Formation
Conditioning CAMELS-SAM simulations on the stellar mass function or stellar-to-halo mass relation reduces uncertainty in b_phi by 88-97% for DESI emission line galaxy samples while remaining consistent across galaxy formation variations.
-
Dilaton-Flattened Axion Inflation
Dilaton backreaction on an anomaly-inspired axion potential generates a closed-form Lambert-W flattened hilltop, giving r ≈ 0.033–0.036 and α_s ≈ −4.6×10^{-4} at N=56 with strictly adiabatic dynamics.
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Inflaton Regeneration via Scalar Couplings: Generic Models and the Higgs Portal
For monomial inflationary potentials with k≥4, the inflaton regenerates from the thermal bath after reheating because its amplitude-dependent mass vanishes asymptotically.
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Cosmological analysis of the DESI DR1 Lyman alpha 1D power spectrum
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
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Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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Growth of Structure in Multi-species Wave Dark Matter
Derives the power spectrum evolution and cross-spectra for arbitrary multi-species wave and particle dark matter, incorporating free-streaming, Jeans scales, and intrinsic fluctuations.
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Multi-species Dark Matter with Warmth and Randomness
Presents a general analytic framework based on truncated BBGKY hierarchy solved via Volterra equations for computing power spectra in multi-species dark matter with finite velocity dispersion and Poisson fluctuations.
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Gravitational waves from axion inflation in the gradient expansion formalism. Part I. Pure axion inflation
In pure axion inflation, detectable gravitational wave signals arise only in parameter regions with strong backreaction that violate the upper bound on ΔN_eff.
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Inflationary Fossils Beyond Perturbation Theory
The non-perturbative technique for scalar power spectra with large fluctuations matches the perturbative Inflationary Fossils results to first order in six cases and may extend to all orders.
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Warm Inflation with Pseudo-scalar Couplings
Warm inflation models with pseudo-scalar couplings require inclusion of induced chemical potentials that make the thermal friction-fluctuation relation model-dependent rather than universal.
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Cosmological higher-curvature gravities
Higher-curvature gravities are constructed in which both FLRW backgrounds and linearized scalar perturbations obey at most second-order differential equations.
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Parametric Resonance of Higgsed Vector Dark Matter: Inflationary Initial Conditions and Sourced Displacements
Stochastic inflationary fluctuations cannot supply the large dark-Higgs displacement required for broad parametric resonance production of vector dark matter, but a classically sourced Hubble-induced minimum can, with distinct relic scaling and consistency conditions.
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One Feature, Three Clocks: Phase-Locked Gravitational Waves, Primordial Black Holes, and Non-Gaussianity from Periodic Warm Inflation
Periodic warm inflation imprints one log-periodic feature on the curvature spectrum that saturates asteroid-mass PBHs, generates dual-band GW backgrounds, and offsets the bispectrum phase by a quarter cycle fixed by spectral running.
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Constant-Roll Inflation: Analytical Formulae for Power Spectrum and Implications for Induced Gravitational Waves
Analytical formulae for power spectrum peaks in constant-roll inflation enable parameter reconstruction from peak features and smoothed approximations for induced gravitational wave estimates.
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One Generator, Any Process: LLM-Conditioning for the LHC
LLM embeddings condition a generative transformer to enable faster convergence, better performance, and generalization to unseen LHC processes using a single model.
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Dark Matter as an Inflationary Relic in Warm Inflation
In warm inflation with Υ∝T³, a residual inflaton condensate after rapid drop in Q evolves as cold dark matter with mass fixed at m≈0.02 MeV by the observed abundance.
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Stochastic constant-roll inflation beyond the hilltop with the spectral method
Spectral solution of the Fokker-Planck operator for hilltop constant-roll inflation shows rare crossing trajectories dominate the mean, so the median yields a coarse-grained ΔN distribution whose exponential tail flattens into a peak near maximal value.
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Phenomenology of Inflaton-Driven Early QCD Confinement and Solution to Axion Isocurvature Problem
Inflaton-gluon coupling induces early QCD confinement to suppress axion isocurvature perturbations and enable axion dark matter production in alpha-attractor inflation models.
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Quantum Matter Makes Lightcones Quantum
Quantum matter sources an operator-valued Shapiro delay that promotes causal boundaries to noncommuting observables and allows superpositions of causal relations between spacetime points.
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Eigenvalue formulation of Stochastic Inflation and application to large perturbation generating inflationary features
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(The) Wiggles going non-linear
Calibrates a one-parameter semi-analytic damping model for oscillatory primordial power spectrum features using N-body simulations and validates sub-percent accuracy via GPR emulation when modulation frequency is high enough.
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Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone inflation with $Z_N$ symmetric waterfall fields
Hybrid inflation model with Z_N-symmetric waterfall fields cancels quadratic radiative corrections for any N and logarithmic ones for N>2, yielding a stable inflaton potential and domain-wall-free reheating via Higgs-portal couplings.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark matter for specific parameter ranges with associated gravitational wave peaks in LISA,
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Phase-resolved field-space distance criteria in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies
Proposes phase-resolved invariant path-length criteria and a master formula for lower bound on ε_ek in ekpyrotic cosmologies, using BKL suppression and conversion windows as constraints.
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Prospects for multi-messenger discovery of the gravitational-wave background anisotropies via cross-correlation with galaxies
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
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Multifield stochastic inflation: Relevance of number of fields in statistical moments
Stochastic effects in multifield inflation make the number of fields relevant for e-fold statistics and power spectrum, with a general formula for higher moments and an upper bound on fields for successful inflation.
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Asymmetric Reheating of Dark QED
Asymmetric reheating in Dark QED produces dark matter via a new channel where DM particles annihilate while still being created by inflaton decay, with the hidden-to-visible temperature ratio tied to the square root of the Yukawa coupling ratio.
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Ultraviolet completion of Starobinsky inflation
A supergravity construction using two chiral superfields embeds arbitrary F(R) gravity as a UV completion of Starobinsky inflation, stabilized by the dilaton and consistent with swampland constraints in a heterotic string example.
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Specially Embedding a Composite Axion Model
Special embedding of the composite axion and QCD gauge groups into a larger product gauge group reduces the domain wall number to unity and induces a controlled bias term from UV instantons that destabilizes the walls.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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Irreducible Gravitational Wave Background as a Particle Detector
Spectral features of primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds can directly reconstruct the mass and decay rate of long-lived BSM particles via the frequencies imprinted by an early matter-dominated epoch.
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Nonperturbative stochastic inflation in perturbative dynamical background
Derives stochastic equations from Schwinger-Keldysh formalism that include quantum diffusion and classical metric perturbations for non-perturbative ultra-slow-roll inflation, validated on Starobinsky and critical Higgs models.
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Axion Inflation from Heavy-Fermion One-Loop Effects
One-loop integration of a heavy fermion with inflaton-dependent mass in axion inflation generates localized gauge-field production and a detectable chiral gravitational-wave signal in the deci-hertz range.
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Revisiting the sphaleron and axion production rates in QCD at high temperatures
Lattice QCD computations in thermal effective field theory yield sphaleron rates and axion production rates that deviate from perturbative estimates at high temperatures.
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Massive Exchange and the Sign of the Equilateral Bispectrum
The equilateral bispectrum from massive scalar exchange in inflation is not universally negative in the full EFT of inflation; its sign depends on a critical ratio of operator coefficients.
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Beyond $f(\phi)\mathcal{G}$: Gauss--Bonnet inflation with $\mu(\phi,X)$
A phase-space gating function μ(φ,X) localizes Gauss-Bonnet contributions to a finite e-fold window in inflation while preserving ghost and gradient stability for scalar and tensor modes.
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On the importance of radiation-era initial conditions for tensor perturbations
Tensor perturbations remain conserved on super-horizon scales when radiation initial conditions during reheating are locally perturbed by existing modes, unlike global equilibrium assumptions that suppress amplitudes.
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Parameterized Post-Newtonian Analysis of Quadratic Gravity and Solar System Constraints
Quadratic gravity with Weyl-squared and Ricci-squared terms produces PPN parameters that equal their GR values except for exponentially decaying corrections, with gamma identically 1 when the two mode masses are equal, yielding solar-system lower bounds m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 per AU.
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Superluminal modes in a quantum field simulator for cosmology from analog trans-Planckian physics
Derives an effective relativistic QFT on a dispersive cosmological spacetime from a BEC with time-dependent scattering length, showing trans-Planckian damping that violates scale invariance in analog expanding universes but converges to a new UV plateau.
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Harrison-Zeldovich attractor: From Planck to ACT results
Nonminimal derivative coupling realizes the Harrison-Zeldovich attractor for monomial, hilltop, and α-attractor E-models, pulling them to the scale-invariant spectrum suggested by ACT data.
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Leptogenesis and neutrino mass with one right-handed neutrino and Higgs inflaton
Minimal setup with one RHN and Higgs inflaton generates neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry via Affleck-Dine leptogenesis, and matches PLANCK/ACT inflation data with a small parameter space.
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Generalized neutrino isocurvature
Generalizes neutrino isocurvature by introducing a mixing angle for the neutrino-matter perturbation ratio and derives first Planck limits on the angle.