Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 4 cited by

This paper claims that a brane current algebra, closed by dual gauge generators, defines a generalised Cartan curvature whose decomposition yields a systematic hierarchy of torsion and curvature tensors in gauged extended geometry.

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

A systematic Cartan-geometric construction of linearised torsion and curvature hierarchies for generalised geometries with global duality group G and local gauge group H, realised via brane current algebras.

T0 review reviewed 2026-08-05 challenge →

load-bearing objection A genuinely new, clearly-presented extension of generalised Cartan geometry to arbitrary H×G, undermined only by an openly acknowledged α-ambiguity in the curvature definition. the 4 major comments →

arxiv 2509.04595 v1 pith:TS4II6VO submitted 2025-09-04 hep-th math-phmath.MP

Gauged Extended Field Theory and Generalised Cartan Geometry

Falk Hassler , David Osten , Alex Swash This is my paper
classification hep-th math-phmath.MP PACS 04.65.+e11.25.-w
keywords generalised Cartan geometryexceptional field theorytensor hierarchybrane current algebradifferential graded Lie algebraduality groupstorsioncurvature
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper tries to establish that curvature and torsion in generalised geometries—settings where the tangent space is extended to make string and M-theory duality groups manifest—can be built uniformly by adapting Cartan's idea of modelling a manifold on a homogeneous space. It constructs an extended tangent bundle carrying both a global duality group G and a local gauge group H, and shows that the phase-space Poisson algebra of p-branes provides the underlying algebraic engine: a differential graded Lie algebra whose zero modes form the model algebra. On this structure it defines a generalised Cartan connection and computes, at linearised level, a hierarchy of Rp-torsion and Rp-curvatures (equations 4.35–4.37), together with Bianchi identities of Courant and Dorfman type. If correct, this gives a systematic, example-independent machine for the curvature tensors that exceptional field theories and their tensor hierarchies need, replacing case-by-case constructions.

Core claim

The central claim is that a single algebraic object—the brane current algebra of the world-volume theory, extended by dual gauge generators—encodes the full H × G-invariant geometry, and that its Poisson bracket with a generalised Cartan connection defines the generalised Cartan curvature Θ^{C1}_{A1B1} in equation (4.12). From this one object, the paper extracts the independent components of the linearised curvature: the Rp-torsion (4.35), the R1-curvature (4.36), the higher Rp-curvatures (4.37), the derived R1-curvature (4.38), and Courant- and Dorfman-type Bianchi identities (4.50)–(4.55). These tensors transform covariantly under both generalised diffeomorphisms of G and local H gauge tra

What carries the argument

The engine is the brane current algebra—the Poisson bracket algebra of p-brane world-volume currents, extended by dual gauge generators so that it closes as a Lie algebra. Its zero modes form a differential graded Lie algebra (Q, •), whose derived bracket gives a Leibniz model algebra l1 containing the gauge algebra h as an isotropic subalgebra. The generalised Cartan connection θ is a pointwise isomorphism from the extended generalised tangent bundle R1[P] = h ⊕ R1 ⊕ (R2 ⊗ h*) ⊕ ... to this model algebra, parametrised by a tower of higher connections Ω and ρ. The generalised Cartan curvature Θ is then defined as the structure function in the Poisson bracket {θ, θ}; decomposing its R1 indice

Load-bearing premise

The construction discards world-volume boundary terms throughout the current algebra and Jacobi identities, so the curvature tensors (4.35)–(4.37) are only defined up to those discarded contributions; if boundary terms are physically non-negligible, the curvature hierarchy is not uniquely fixed.

What would settle it

Take a concrete example such as G = O(d,d) with H = O(1,d-1) × O(d-1,1) and compute the full non-linear brane current algebra without dropping world-volume boundary terms, then compare the resulting generalised Cartan curvature with (4.35)–(4.37). Any non-vanishing boundary correction, or any physical dependence on the ambiguity parameter α, would falsify the claim that these expressions are the systematic curvatures of the extended geometry.

Watch this falsifier. Get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • The linearised Rp-torsion (4.35) and Rp-curvatures (4.36)–(4.37) provide a template for curvature tensors in any G-generalised geometry with a compatible gauge algebra h, not just O(d,d) or low-rank Ed(d).
  • The construction reproduces the known O(d,d) generalised Cartan geometry as the truncation where the tensor hierarchy ends at R2, and reduces to ordinary Cartan geometry when the hierarchy ends at R1.
  • The curvature hierarchy automatically supplies the higher connections ρ needed to make each level's curvature covariant—a tensor-hierarchy feature that the paper argues is exactly what α′ corrections require.
  • Because the minimal construction avoids embedding into Ed+n(d+n), it works for gauge groups H of arbitrary dimension, at the cost of not capturing generalised U-dualities.
  • The Bianchi identities can be presented in either Courant-bracket form or Dorfman-bracket form; the paper shows the former involves naked connections while the latter requires auxiliary algebraic curvatures.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Ours: An implication the authors leave implicit is that if the linearised hierarchy extends to all orders, it supplies the generalised Riemann tensor that α′ corrections in exceptional field theory have been missing; the framework is the natural place to look for such an extension.
  • Ours: The one-parameter ambiguity α in (4.42)–(4.43) suggests curvature is not unique in this approach; a natural test is whether a preferred value such as the Courant value α = -1/2 makes the full non-linear Bianchi identities close without naked connections.
  • Ours: The brane origin hints that the discarded world-volume boundary terms are not merely technical: they may correspond to physical brane boundary charges, in which case the curvature hierarchy could acquire corrections that distinguish between brane species.
  • Ours: The same 'bracket defines Cartan curvature' logic could be applied to generic L∞ algebras with higher brackets, yielding a higher-gauge-theory version of gravity; the authors mention this possibility but do not develop it.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper proposes a Cartan-geometric framework for generalised geometries in which both a global duality group G and a local gauge group H are manifest. The extended tangent bundle is built from the tensor hierarchy of G together with h-valued and h*-valued form-degree tails, and the algebraic structure is realised through a brane current algebra. The main outputs are a hierarchy of generalised connections and, at linearised order, the Rp-torsion (4.35), Rp-curvatures (4.36)–(4.37), and associated Bianchi-type identities. The paper is explicitly conditional: the curvature definition depends on a free parameter α (4.42)–(4.43), the current algebra is used only up to world-volume boundary terms, and the completeness of the curvature components is not proved.

Significance. If the framework is accepted, it would provide a unifying algebraic construction of torsion and curvature tensors for extended geometries, going beyond the O(d,d) case of [76] and connecting to the tensor-hierarchy curvatures of [77]. The paper contains explicit, detailed computations from the brane current algebra, including Jacobi-identity checks in Appendix B and consistency with known results, which are valuable. Its main strength is the systematic organisation of a large amount of algebraic data. However, the advertised systematicity is undermined by three admitted gaps: the α-family of curvatures, the neglect of boundary terms in the defining current algebra, and the absence of a proof that all curvature components are fixed. These are not merely presentation issues; they affect the uniqueness and completeness of the central construction. The paper is honest about these limitations, but as it stands the central claim is conditional.

major comments (4)
  1. [§4.3, Eqs. (4.42)–(4.43)] The definition of the generalised Cartan curvature is not unique: any real α gives a 'reasonable' curvature, and α=0 is chosen only to match [77] and to fit into R−1. Since the advertised systematic construction is precisely a derivation of curvature and torsion tensors, this free parameter is load-bearing. The paper should either prove that some physical or geometric principle (e.g., covariance, Bianchi identities, or a Leibniz/Courant bracket requirement) selects a unique α, or explicitly characterise the full α-family and state which results are α-independent. Without this, the central outputs (4.36)–(4.37) are one arbitrary member of a family.
  2. [§3.1–§3.3, Eq. (3.23)] The brane current algebra that defines the curvature via (4.12) is only a Poisson algebra up to world-volume boundary terms, and the paper states these are 'always neglected'. This is not a harmless technicality: the entire construction reads off Θ from a δ-function coefficient after discarding total derivatives. If boundary contributions are non-negligible, the extracted curvature components can change, as the paper itself shows in the difference between (4.41) and (4.37). The authors should provide a criterion under which boundary terms vanish for the relevant class of world-volumes, or prove that the curvature components are independent of such terms. Otherwise the construction is not well defined.
  3. [§4.3, paragraph after Eq. (4.38)] The paper admits: 'we do not present a general proof that all components of the generalised Cartan curvature are fixed this way'. This is a direct limitation on the claim that a hierarchy of curvatures has been systematically constructed. The subsequent sentence ('it seems obvious...') is not a substitute for a proof. The authors should either supply a rigorous argument that all independent components are captured, or reformulate the claim as a conjecture and state clearly which components remain undetermined. Since the hierarchy is the main result, this gap is load-bearing.
  4. [§2.2, Eq. (2.22); §4.2, Eq. (4.10)] The R0 representation and the parabolic subalgebra eR0 are introduced by hand, and the ansatz for the Cartan connection as an exponential of eR0 is assumed rather than derived. The paper does not show that these choices are forced by the H×G structure or by the brane current algebra. This weakens the 'systematic construction' claim. At minimum, the paper should state clearly which ingredients are axioms and which are outputs; currently the boundary between them is blurred.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Throughout] The index notation is dense and sometimes ambiguous: M1 is used both as a representation index and as a coordinate label. A table of the extended index conventions would improve readability.
  2. [Eq. (4.34)] The display of the R1-curvature and Rp-curvature terms is hard to parse because of the multi-line structure and the placement of the labels. Clearer grouping or labelling of each term would help.
  3. [Eq. (4.25)] The statement that this relation 'constrains the R1 part of the generalised connection' is made quickly; the derivation that the G-covariance of (2.8) forces the full representation is plausible but should be spelled out more explicitly.
  4. [Abstract and §5] The abstract promises 'a systematic construction of curvature and torsion tensors in generic generalised geometries'. Given the α-ambiguity and the missing completeness proof, this wording is too strong. It should be qualified to reflect the conditional nature of the construction.
  5. [§3.2, Eq. (3.12)] The relation dtMp = −fαMp Np Σα ∧ tNp is introduced as an assumption but is not derived from a Hamiltonian or world-volume principle. This is another input rather than an output; flagging it as an axiom would improve transparency.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: curvature/torsion tensors are computed from an assumed brane current algebra and an explicit connection ansatz; the acknowledged α-ambiguity is underdetermination, not circularity.

full rationale

The derivation chain is: extended H×G geometry and its generalised Lie derivative (Sec. 2), brane current algebra realisation (Sec. 3), and then the generalised Cartan connection θ and its current-algebra bracket (4.12), whose δ-function coefficient defines Θ (Sec. 4). The linearised Rp-torsion (4.35) and Rp-curvatures (4.36)–(4.37) are obtained by substituting the parametrised θ (4.13) into (4.12)/(4.34), not by assuming the result. No parameter is fitted to the output curvature values; the only free parameter is α in (4.42)–(4.43), and the paper explicitly states that 'any real number α should give a reasonable definition of a curvature.' Choosing α=0 to match [77] and R−1 is a convention and a consistency check, not a hidden fit or an imported uniqueness theorem. The repeatedly noted neglect of world-volume boundary terms (e.g. Secs. 3.1–3.3, eq. (3.23)) is a genuine limitation: it makes the current algebra and the extracted δ-function coefficients well-defined only up to boundary contributions, hence the α-family. But underdetermination is not circularity: the output is not an input by construction. The unproven statement that all curvature components are fixed this way is an omitted completeness proof, not a circular step. Self-citations ([41], [76], [77]) supply ingredients and comparison formulas, but the core substitution and index decomposition are performed here; moreover [77] is used only as a cross-check for a non-unique convention. R0 is 'introduced by hand' and the restriction V=v+V1 is an explicit assumption; both are stated inputs, not predictions passed off as derived results. No step reduces to its own input by definition.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 5 axioms · 3 invented entities

The construction has no parameters fitted to empirical data. The main free parameter is the curvature ambiguity alpha, chosen for convenience. The axioms are mostly standard tensor-hierarchy input plus explicit modelling choices (restriction of diffeomorphism parameters, twist ansatz, boundary-term neglect) that the authors flag. The invented entities are mathematical structures, not new physical particles or forces.

free parameters (1)
  • alpha (curvature ambiguity) = 0 (chosen to match [77])
    In eqs. (4.42)-(4.43), any real alpha defines a reasonable curvature; the paper chooses alpha=0 to reproduce [77]. This is an ad hoc choice, not fitted to data.
axioms (5)
  • domain assumption The G-tensor hierarchy exists with eta- and D-symbols satisfying (2.5)-(2.8).
    Standard input from exceptional/double field theory, cited to [41,93].
  • ad hoc to paper The gauge algebra h acts on all Rp leaving eta and D invariant (2.15), (2.16).
    Assumed to ensure closure; restricts H (e.g., to the maximal compact subgroup of G).
  • ad hoc to paper Generalised diffeomorphism parameters are restricted to V=v+V1 in h xor R1 and y-dependence is via twist (2.38).
    Assumptions 1 and 2 in Section 2.3, needed for closure of extended generalised Lie derivative; authors note they could be lifted with a larger duality group.
  • domain assumption World-volume boundary terms in the brane current algebra are neglected.
    Throughout Section 3 and 4; curvature (4.12) is well-defined only up to boundary terms.
  • ad hoc to paper The R0 representation is introduced by hand (2.22).
    Section 2.2: 'Here, we introduce it by hand.' It is used to generate the Cartan connection.
invented entities (3)
  • Dual gauge symmetry generators Sigma_alpha no independent evidence
    purpose: Restore Jacobi identity of the extended brane current algebra (3.11)
    Internal mathematical construction, no independent falsifiable handle.
  • Extended representations R_p (with h* form-degree tails) and R0 no independent evidence
    purpose: Geometrise the H x G action and host the connection hierarchy
    Defined by construction in Section 2.2; R0 introduced by hand.
  • Generalised Cartan connection tower theta(q) no independent evidence
    purpose: Relate the extended tangent bundle to the model dgLa and define curvatures
    Mathematical field content, not a physical entity; no independent prediction.

reviewed 2026-08-05 · how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Gauged Extended Field Theory and Generalised Cartan Geometry." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/TS4II6VO

@misc{pith2026250904595,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Gauged Extended Field Theory and Generalised Cartan Geometry},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/TS4II6VO}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2509.04595}
}
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
abstract

Cartan geometry provides a unifying algebraic construction of curvature and torsion, based on an underlying model Lie algebra -- a viewpoint that can be extended naturally to the higher algebraic structures underlying supergravity. We present a Cartan-geometric framework for generalised geometries governed by a differential graded Lie algebra, extending previous results. The extended tangent bundle admits the action of both a global duality group $\mathcal{G}$ and a local gauge group $H$. This algebraic structure is implemented via a brane current algebra -- the phase space Poisson structure of $p$-branes. Within this Cartan-inspired framework, we define a hierarchy of generalised connections and compute their linearised torsion and curvature tensors, including the higher curvatures required by the tensor hierarchy. This provides a systematic construction of curvature and torsion tensors in generic generalised geometries.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. $\alpha'$-Bootstrap

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    An infinite-dimensional algebraic structure on a megaspace yields recursive, T-duality-covariant NS-NS α' and α'^{2} corrections matching known bosonic and heterotic results up to field redefinitions.

  2. Duality-covariant particles and exotic branes

    hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Proposes enlarged worldline models with coadjoint orbit terms and generalized worldvolume theories for exotic branes that make E8 duality covariance manifest in a Hamiltonian formulation.

  3. Duality-covariant particles and exotic branes

    hep-th 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    A particle worldline in E8 exceptional field theory is made gauge-invariant by adding a coadjoint-orbit "duality charge", and the same Hamiltonian framework organizes exotic zero-brane dynamics such as the 0^(1,7) brane.

  4. Mega-Space Current Algebra and Green-Schwarz Geometry in Heterotic String Theory

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    A Poláček-Siegel mega-space current algebra with Lorentz and heterotic gauge sectors embeds Chern-Simons structures and yields a Green-Schwarz-like Bianchi identity from Jacobi identities, without the α′ tr(R∧R) term.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

123 extracted references · 25 canonical work pages · cited by 3 Pith papers · 25 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    M. J. Duff, Duality Rotations in String Theory, Nucl. Phys. B335 (1990) 610

    1990

  2. [2]

    A. A. Tseytlin, Duality Symmetric Formulation of String World Sheet Dynamics, Phys. Lett. B242 (1990) 163–174

    1990

  3. [3]

    A. A. Tseytlin, Duality symmetric closed string theory and interacting chiral scalars, Nucl. Phys. B350 (1991) 395–440

    1991

  4. [4]

    Siegel, Two vierbein formalism for string inspired axionic gravity, Phys

    W. Siegel, Two vierbein formalism for string inspired axionic gravity, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 5453–5459, [hep-th/9302036]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 1993

  5. [5]

    Siegel, Superspace duality in low-energy superstrings, Phys

    W. Siegel, Superspace duality in low-energy superstrings, Phys. Rev. D48 (1993) 2826–2837, [hep-th/9305073]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 1993

  6. [6]

    Siegel, Manifest duality in low-energy superstrings, in International Conference on Strings 93 Berkeley, California, May 24-29, 1993, pp

    W. Siegel, Manifest duality in low-energy superstrings, in International Conference on Strings 93 Berkeley, California, May 24-29, 1993, pp. 353–363, 1993. hep-th/9308133

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 1993

  7. [7]

    C. M. Hull, A Geometry for non-geometric string backgrounds, JHEP 10 (2005) 065, [hep-th/0406102]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2005

  8. [8]

    C. M. Hull, Doubled Geometry and T-Folds, JHEP 07 (2007) 080, [hep-th/0605149]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2007

  9. [9]

    Hitchin, Generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds, Quart

    N. Hitchin, Generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds, Quart. J. Math. 54 (2003) 281–308, [math/0209099]. 35

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  10. [10]

    Gualtieri, Generalized complex geometry

    M. Gualtieri, Generalized complex geometry. PhD thesis, Oxford U., 2003. math/0401221

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  11. [11]

    Graña, R

    M. Graña, R. Minasian, M. Petrini, and D. Waldram, T-duality, Generalized Geometry and Non-Geometric Backgrounds, JHEP 04 (2009) 075, [arXiv:0807.4527]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009

  12. [12]

    Hull and B

    C. Hull and B. Zwiebach, Double Field Theory, JHEP 09 (2009) 099, [arXiv:0904.4664]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009

  13. [13]

    Zwiebach, Double Field Theory, T-Duality, and Courant Brackets, Lect

    B. Zwiebach, Double Field Theory, T-Duality, and Courant Brackets, Lect. Notes Phys. 851 (2012) 265–291, [arXiv:1109.1782]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  14. [14]

    Geissbühler, D

    D. Geissbühler, D. Marqués, C. Nuñez, and V . Penas,Exploring Double Field Theory, JHEP 06 (2013) 101, [arXiv:1304.1472]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  15. [15]

    Aldazabal, D

    G. Aldazabal, D. Marqués, and C. Nuñez, Double Field Theory: A Pedagogical Review, Class. Quant. Grav. 30 (2013) 163001, [arXiv:1305.1907]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  16. [16]

    D. S. Berman and D. C. Thompson, Duality Symmetric String and M-Theory, Phys. Rept. 566 (2014) 1–60, [arXiv:1306.2643]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  17. [17]

    C. D. A. Blair, E. Malek, and A. J. Routh, An O(D, D) invariant Hamiltonian action for the superstring, Class. Quant. Grav. 31 (2014), no. 20 205011, [arXiv:1308.4829]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  18. [18]

    O. Hohm, D. Lüst, and B. Zwiebach, The Spacetime of Double Field Theory: Review, Remarks, and Outlook, Fortsch. Phys. 61 (2013) 926–966, [arXiv:1309.2977]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  19. [19]

    Plauschinn, Non-geometric backgrounds in string theory, Phys

    E. Plauschinn, Non-geometric backgrounds in string theory, Phys. Rept. 798 (2019) 1–122, [arXiv:1811.11203]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  20. [20]

    Sakatani and S

    Y. Sakatani and S. Uehara, Branes in Extended Spacetime: Brane Worldvolume Theory Based on Duality Symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016), no. 19 191601, [arXiv:1607.04265]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  21. [21]

    C. D. A. Blair and E. T. Musaev, Five-brane actions in double field theory, JHEP 03 (2018) 111, [arXiv:1712.01739]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  22. [22]

    Sakatani and S

    Y. Sakatani and S. Uehara, Exceptional M-brane sigma models and η-symbols, PTEP 2018 (2018), no. 3 033B05, [arXiv:1712.10316]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  23. [23]

    A. S. Arvanitakis and C. D. Blair, The Exceptional Sigma Model, JHEP 04 (2018) 064, [arXiv:1802.00442]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  24. [24]

    C. D. A. Blair, Open exceptional strings and D-branes, JHEP 07 (2019) 083, [arXiv:1904.06714]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  25. [25]

    Sakatani and S

    Y. Sakatani and S. Uehara, Born sigma model for branes in exceptional geometry, PTEP 2020 (2020), no. 7 073B05, [arXiv:2004.09486]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  26. [26]

    M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Duality Rotations in Membrane Theory, Nucl. Phys. B347 (1990) 394–419. [,210(1990)]

    1990

  27. [27]

    Alekseev and T

    A. Alekseev and T. Strobl, Current algebras and differential geometry, JHEP 03 (2005) 035, [hep-th/0410183]. 36

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2005

  28. [28]

    D. S. Berman and M. J. Perry, Generalized Geometry and M theory, JHEP 06 (2011) 074, [arXiv:1008.1763]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

  29. [29]

    Hatsuda and T

    M. Hatsuda and T. Kimura, Canonical approach to Courant brackets for D-branes, JHEP 06 (2012) 034, [arXiv:1203.5499]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  30. [30]

    Hatsuda and K

    M. Hatsuda and K. Kamimura, SL(5) duality from canonical M2-brane, JHEP 11 (2012) 001, [arXiv:1208.1232]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  31. [31]

    Hatsuda and K

    M. Hatsuda and K. Kamimura, M5 algebra and SO(5,5) duality, JHEP 06 (2013) 095, [arXiv:1305.2258]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  32. [32]

    Hatsuda, S

    M. Hatsuda, S. Sasaki, and M. Yata, Five-brane Current Algebras in Type II String Theories, arXiv:2011.13145

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

  33. [33]

    M. J. Duff, J. X. Lu, R. Percacci, C. N. Pope, H. Samtleben, and E. Sezgin, Membrane Duality Revisited, Nucl. Phys. B901 (2015) 1–21, [arXiv:1509.02915]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  34. [34]

    Non-Abelian U-duality for membrane

    Y. Sakatani and S. Uehara, Non-Abelian U-duality for membranes, PTEP 2020 (2020), no. 7 073B01, [arXiv:2001.09983]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  35. [35]

    Sakatani, Extended Drinfel’d algebras and non-Abelian duality, PTEP 2021 (2021), no

    Y. Sakatani, Extended Drinfel’d algebras and non-Abelian duality, PTEP 2021 (2021), no. 6 063B02, [arXiv:2009.04454]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  36. [36]

    Strickland-Constable, Classical worldvolumes as generalised geodesics, arXiv:2102.00555

    C. Strickland-Constable, Classical worldvolumes as generalised geodesics, arXiv:2102.00555

    Pith/arXiv arXiv

  37. [37]

    Osten, Currents, charges and algebras in exceptional generalised geometry, JHEP 06 (2021) 070, [arXiv:2103.03267]

    D. Osten, Currents, charges and algebras in exceptional generalised geometry, JHEP 06 (2021) 070, [arXiv:2103.03267]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  38. [38]

    when they go high, we go low

    A. S. Arvanitakis, Brane current algebras and generalised geometry from QP manifolds. Or, “when they go high, we go low”, JHEP 11 (2021) 114, [arXiv:2103.08608]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  39. [39]

    Hatsuda, H

    M. Hatsuda, H. Mori, S. Sasaki, and M. Yata, Gauged double field theory, current algebras and heterotic sigma models, JHEP 05 (2023) 220, [arXiv:2212.06476]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2023

  40. [40]

    Osten, On exceptional QP-manifolds, JHEP 01 (2024) 028, [arXiv:2306.11093]

    D. Osten, On exceptional QP-manifolds, JHEP 01 (2024) 028, [arXiv:2306.11093]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  41. [41]

    Osten, On the universal exceptional structure of world-volume theories in string and M-theory, Phys

    D. Osten, On the universal exceptional structure of world-volume theories in string and M-theory, Phys. Lett. B 855 (2024) 138814, [arXiv:2402.10269]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  42. [42]

    C. M. Hull, Generalised Geometry for M-Theory, JHEP 07 (2007) 079, [hep-th/0701203]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2007

  43. [43]

    Pires Pacheco and D

    P . Pires Pacheco and D. Waldram,M-theory, exceptional generalised geometry and superpotentials, JHEP 09 (2008) 123, [arXiv:0804.1362]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2008

  44. [44]

    D. S. Berman, H. Godazgar, M. J. Perry, and P . West,Duality Invariant Actions and Generalised Geometry, JHEP 02 (2012) 108, [arXiv:1111.0459]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  45. [45]

    Coimbra, C

    A. Coimbra, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, Ed(d) × R+ generalised geometry, connections and M theory, JHEP 02 (2014) 054, [arXiv:1112.3989]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  46. [46]

    D. S. Berman, M. Cederwall, A. Kleinschmidt, and D. C. Thompson, The gauge structure of generalised diffeomorphisms, JHEP 01 (2013) 064, [arXiv:1208.5884]. 37

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  47. [47]

    D. S. Berman, E. T. Musaev, and D. C. Thompson, Duality Invariant M-theory: Gauged supergravities and Scherk-Schwarz reductions, JHEP 10 (2012) 174, [arXiv:1208.0020]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  48. [48]

    Coimbra, C

    A. Coimbra, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, Supergravity as Generalised Geometry II: Ed(d) × R+ and M theory, JHEP 03 (2014) 019, [arXiv:1212.1586]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  49. [49]

    Hohm and H

    O. Hohm and H. Samtleben, Exceptional Form of D=11 Supergravity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 231601, [arXiv:1308.1673]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  50. [50]

    K. Lee, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, Spheres, generalised parallelisability and consistent truncations, Fortsch. Phys. 65 (2017), no. 10-11 1700048, [arXiv:1401.3360]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  51. [51]

    Hohm and H

    O. Hohm and H. Samtleben, Consistent Kaluza-Klein Truncations via Exceptional Field Theory, JHEP 01 (2015) 131, [arXiv:1410.8145]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  52. [52]

    D. S. Berman and C. D. A. Blair, The Geometry, Branes and Applications of Exceptional Field Theory, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35 (2020), no. 30 2030014, [arXiv:2006.09777]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  53. [53]

    Sterckx, Modave lecture notes: Introduction to Exceptional Field Theory, PoS Modave2023 (2025) 004, [arXiv:2410.19600]

    C. Sterckx, Modave lecture notes: Introduction to Exceptional Field Theory, PoS Modave2023 (2025) 004, [arXiv:2410.19600]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025

  54. [54]

    Samtleben, Exceptional field theories, arXiv:2503.16947

    H. Samtleben, Exceptional field theories, arXiv:2503.16947

    Pith/arXiv arXiv

  55. [55]

    Marsden and A

    J. Marsden and A. Weinstein, Reduction of symplectic manifolds with symmetry, Rept. Math. Phys. 5 (1974), no. 1 121–130

    1974

  56. [56]

    R. W. Sharpe, Differential Geometry: Cartan’s Generalization of Klein’s Erlangen Program, vol. 166 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer, 1997

    1997

  57. [57]

    Cap and J

    A. Cap and J. Slovák, Parabolic Geometries: Background and general theory. Mathematical surveys and monographs. American Mathematical Society, 2009

    2009

  58. [58]

    K. C. H. Mackenzie, General Theory of Lie Groupoids and Lie Algebroids. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2005

    2005

  59. [59]

    A. D. Blaom, Geometric structures as deformed infinitesimal symmetries, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 358 (2006), no. 8 3651–3671

    2006

  60. [60]

    Crampin and D

    M. Crampin and D. Saunders, Cartan Geometries and their Symmetries: A Lie Algebroid Approach. Atlantis Studies in Variational Geometry. Atlantis Press, 2016

    2016

  61. [61]

    Cartan Connections and Atiyah Lie Algebroids

    J. Attard, J. François, S. Lazzarini, and T. Masson, Cartan Connections and Atiyah Lie Algebroids, J. Geom. Phys. 148 (2020) 103541, [arXiv:1904.04915]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2020

  62. [62]

    Z.-J. Liu, A. Weinstein, and P . Xu,Manin Triples for Lie Bialgebroids, J. Diff. Geom. 45 (1997), no. 3 547–574, [dg-ga/9508013]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997

  63. [63]

    Baraglia, Leibniz algebroids, twistings and exceptional generalized geometry, Journal of Geometry and Physics 62 (2012), no

    D. Baraglia, Leibniz algebroids, twistings and exceptional generalized geometry, Journal of Geometry and Physics 62 (2012), no. 5 903–934

    2012

  64. [64]

    Bugden, O

    M. Bugden, O. Hulik, F. Valach, and D. Waldram, G-Algebroids: A Unified Framework for Exceptional and Generalised Geometry, and Poisson–Lie Duality, Fortsch. Phys. 69 (2021), no. 4-5 2100028, [arXiv:2103.01139]. 38

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  65. [65]

    Coimbra, C

    A. Coimbra, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, Supergravity as Generalised Geometry I: Type II Theories, JHEP 11 (2011) 091, [arXiv:1107.1733]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

  66. [66]

    Hohm and B

    O. Hohm and B. Zwiebach, Towards an invariant geometry of double field theory, J. Math. Phys. 54 (2013) 032303, [arXiv:1212.1736]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  67. [67]

    Garcia-Fernandez, Ricci flow, Killing spinors, and T-duality in generalized geometry, Adv

    M. Garcia-Fernandez, Ricci flow, Killing spinors, and T-duality in generalized geometry, Adv. Math. 350 (2019) 1059–1108, [arXiv:1611.08926]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  68. [68]

    The canonical generalised Levi-Civita connection and its curvature

    V . Cortés, M. Mackevicius, T. Mohaupt, and O. Schiller,The canonical generalised Levi-Civita connection and its curvature, arXiv:2507.17604

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  69. [69]

    Gualtieri, Branes on poisson varieties, in The Many Facets of Geometry: A Tribute to Nigel Hitchin

    M. Gualtieri, Branes on poisson varieties, in The Many Facets of Geometry: A Tribute to Nigel Hitchin. Oxford University Press, 07, 2010. arXiv:0710.2719

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010

  70. [70]

    Hohm and B

    O. Hohm and B. Zwiebach, On the Riemann Tensor in Double Field Theory, JHEP 05 (2012) 126, [arXiv:1112.5296]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  71. [71]

    Jurco and J

    B. Jurco and J. Vysoky, Courant Algebroid Connections and String Effective Actions, in Workshop on Strings, Membranes and Topological Field Theory, pp. 211–265, 2017. arXiv:1612.01540

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  72. [72]

    Garcia-Fernandez, Torsion-free generalized connections and Heterotic Supergravity, Commun

    M. Garcia-Fernandez, Torsion-free generalized connections and Heterotic Supergravity, Commun. Math. Phys. 332 (2014), no. 1 89–115, [arXiv:1304.4294]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  73. [73]

    G. R. Cavalcanti, J. Pedregal, and R. Rubio, On the Equivalence of Generalized Ricci Curvatures, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 153 (2025) 2639–2648, [arXiv:2406.06695]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025

  74. [74]

    Exceptional geometry and tensor fields

    M. Cederwall, J. Edlund, and A. Karlsson, Exceptional geometry and tensor fields, JHEP 07 (2013) 028, [arXiv:1302.6736]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013

  75. [75]

    Natural curvature for manifest T-duality

    M. Polᡠcek and W. Siegel,Natural curvature for manifest T-duality, JHEP 01 (2014) 026, [arXiv:1308.6350]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

  76. [76]

    Hassler, O

    F. Hassler, O. Hulik, and D. Osten, Current algebra and generalized Cartan geometry, Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024), no. 12 126022, [arXiv:2409.00176]

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  77. [77]

    The Hierarchy of Curvatures in Exceptional Geometry

    F. Hassler and Y. Sakatani, Hierarchy of curvatures in exceptional geometry, Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024), no. 10 106002, [arXiv:2311.12095]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

  78. [78]

    On Curvature and Torsion in Courant Algebroids

    P . Aschieri, F. Bonechi, and A. Deser,On Curvature and Torsion in Courant Algebroids, Annales Henri Poincare 22 (2021), no. 7 2475–2496, [arXiv:1910.11273]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2021

  79. [79]

    Cueca and R

    M. Cueca and R. A. Mehta, Courant cohomology, cartan calculus, connections, curvature, characteristic classes, Communications in Mathematical Physics 381 (Nov., 2020) 1091–1113

    2020

  80. [80]

    Courant-Dorfman algebras of differential operators and Dorfman connections of Courant algebroids

    P . Batakidis and F. Petalidou,Courant-Dorfman algebras of differential operators and Dorfman connections of Courant algebroids, J. Geom. Phys. 199 (2024) 105142, [arXiv:2002.10175]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2024

Showing first 80 references.

This paper was first reviewed by deepseek-v4-flash on August 5, 2026.