Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

As of 6 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 9 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.25826.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.25826 v3

Coverage vector

measured 24 of 24 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:02.738561Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00

measured 9 of 9 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-13T07:40:36.072978Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-03T17:28:44.073698Z

Reference resolution

24 of 24 outbound references displayed

verified exact9
verified fuzzy8
unresolved1
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch6

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5f4566d7-37d9-4107-891a-52f36aaabf3c · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.796075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 6453827b-e935-4b90-b87e-1381952a8a0e · outbound

This paper cites Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.781604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation adccdca8-4e26-4fbd-91d8-c67257ffb1be · outbound

This paper cites Tirex: Zero-shot forecasting across long and short horizons with enhanced in-context learning.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Tirex: Zero-shot forecasting across long and short horizons with enhanced in-context learning

Reference 3

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.805929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation bcc1159f-83a5-44bd-ad81-2d1203fd80c9 · outbound

This paper cites Pathformer: Multi-scale Transformers with Adaptive Pathways for Time Series Forecasting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Pathformer: Multi-scale Transformers with Adaptive Pathways for Time Series Forecasting

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.771218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 1643aa41-1966-4cd3-9739-5f076842ddcd · outbound

This paper cites This time is different: An observability perspective on time series foundation models.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models This time is different: An observability perspective on time series foundation models

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.818504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation a57a5866-6ee7-4125-9a72-a637f3dc0332 · outbound

This paper cites Segment Anything.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Segment Anything

Reference 6

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.813546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation c2ebc963-f4dd-4e3a-a375-51313e8e3c67 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.776436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation cb87921e-ce4a-4433-a67c-dba2410ea9a9 · outbound

This paper cites Timer-XL: Long-Context Transformers for Unified Time Series Forecasting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Timer-XL: Long-Context Transformers for Unified Time Series Forecasting

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.760649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation f3e968b0-fa98-4f66-b6a4-ca4927b0146c · outbound

This paper cites Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; doi, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.665332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation aebaafcf-d66f-481b-b1bc-7faa0127dded · outbound

This paper cites Time-MoE: Billion-Scale Time Series Foundation Models with Mixture of Experts.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Time-MoE: Billion-Scale Time Series Foundation Models with Mixture of Experts

Reference 10

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.809828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation b9ba5df5-2d08-4291-8cb9-5f34de1641a3 · outbound

This paper cites TimeMixer: Decomposable Multiscale Mixing for Time Series Forecasting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models TimeMixer: Decomposable Multiscale Mixing for Time Series Forecasting

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.786710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 36dc6374-6569-47da-af0f-6b5ce454ec1a · outbound

This paper cites TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysis.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysis

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.791298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 0c1cee91-f441-4a79-b546-f1d1fe338be8 · outbound

This paper cites Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?

Reference 13

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.801117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 11f83d3d-4c0a-46d6-8069-c4701e729239 · outbound

This paper cites Adamoe: Token-adaptive routing with null experts for mixture-of-experts language models.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Adamoe: Token-adaptive routing with null experts for mixture-of-experts language models

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.635742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation fe78a68e-e1a5-4a1a-a07a-864a250b775f · outbound

This paper cites ElasTST: Towards Robust Varied-Horizon Forecasting with Elastic Time-Series Transformer.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models ElasTST: Towards Robust Varied-Horizon Forecasting with Elastic Time-Series Transformer

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.823754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 5923d7bf-3360-45cf-a377-bbf302e83d0f · outbound

This paper cites Informer: Beyond efficient transformer for long sequence time-series forecasting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Informer: Beyond efficient transformer for long sequence time-series forecasting

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.648144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 0e42244e-e45b-4cd5-822d-f402521d9b5c · outbound

This paper cites However, this method necessitates multiple iterations of autoregressive prediction, leading to a significant degradation in performance for medium- and long-term forecasting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models However, this method necessitates multiple iterations of autoregressive prediction, leading to a significant degradation in performance for medium- and long-term forecasting

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.641772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation b65ad59c-7da9-4b8f-bad0-c2f7a0062c62 · outbound

This paper cites The learning rate for parameters related to IARoPE is set to 1e-5, while the learning rate for others is set to 1e-3.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models The learning rate for parameters related to IARoPE is set to 1e-5, while the learning rate for others is set to 1e-3

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.651054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 4ca877f1-5765-4c7b-a6c0-ba17d80a59d9 · outbound

This paper cites Following (Das et al., 2024), the training loader samples 80% real data and 20% synthetic data.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Following (Das et al., 2024), the training loader samples 80% real data and 20% synthetic data

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.654051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 9014c0f7-060a-492e-a232-98393ae5adff · outbound

This paper cites Table 5: Detailed descriptions of second-level, minute-level, and hourly datasets.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Table 5: Detailed descriptions of second-level, minute-level, and hourly datasets

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.660455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation c807acef-ffd1-4453-8eb0-706151884335 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.644604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 4b220afc-72eb-4398-aeb8-e0014fd82ef8 · outbound

This paper cites Consequently, we evaluate KAIROSand other TSFMs under a long -context setting.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Consequently, we evaluate KAIROSand other TSFMs under a long -context setting

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.657244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 1125cee3-b606-42f2-a7f0-3c5906a39c96 · outbound

This paper cites Method DLinear iTrans.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models Method DLinear iTrans

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:24.638721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation c4a4a5c0-bf6c-4553-84d4-960211ec75e3 · outbound

This paper cites While KAIROSitself is not designed for direct societal applications with immediate negative impacts, any powerful predictive technology could be misused.

Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models While KAIROSitself is not designed for direct societal applications with immediate negative impacts, any powerful predictive technology could be misused

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:21:23.765379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 68b8a080-ca44-490c-a7f4-594da059e049 · inbound

WaveMoE: A Wavelet-Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts Foundation Model for Time Series Forecasting cites this paper.

WaveMoE: A Wavelet-Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts Foundation Model for Time Series Forecasting Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T02:43:16.688865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 0bcb24b5-9640-4d35-9db1-ef0d0c8c01df · inbound

TempusBench: An Evaluation Framework for Time-Series Forecasting cites this paper.

TempusBench: An Evaluation Framework for Time-Series Forecasting Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T02:43:16.688865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 3b934f4e-1974-4b40-bccf-cd3bc87a16fa · inbound

TSFMAudit: Data Contamination Auditing in Forecasting Time Series Foundation Models cites this paper.

TSFMAudit: Data Contamination Auditing in Forecasting Time Series Foundation Models Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-30T12:04:38.815511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 671325ee-3bfa-4425-a852-0bbfee6ec8d3 · inbound

Adaptive Patching Is Harder Than It Looks For Time-Series Forecasting cites this paper.

Adaptive Patching Is Harder Than It Looks For Time-Series Forecasting Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-02T02:16:26.664857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 08997295-a4fd-4ad1-8d4d-f5aee8775526 · inbound

CITRAS-FM: Tiny Time Series Foundation Model for Covariate-Informed Zero-Shot Forecasting cites this paper.

CITRAS-FM: Tiny Time Series Foundation Model for Covariate-Informed Zero-Shot Forecasting Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-03T04:27:37.168672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation f448bd20-c4d5-4af3-be44-c217dc8b4cc7 · inbound

CITRAS-FM: Tiny Time Series Foundation Model for Covariate-Informed Zero-Shot Forecasting cites this paper.

CITRAS-FM: Tiny Time Series Foundation Model for Covariate-Informed Zero-Shot Forecasting Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-13T07:40:36.072978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 007c25e7-0ae6-4c02-a060-c7f8f1ceac23 · inbound

Time-Series Foundation Model Embeddings for Remaining Useful Life Estimation cites this paper.

Time-Series Foundation Model Embeddings for Remaining Useful Life Estimation Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-03T09:57:56.130146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation 7e65b64a-76c7-4016-8c4c-ee730cd0f52c · inbound

CloudCons: A Comprehensive End-to-End Benchmark for Cloud Resource Consolidation cites this paper.

CloudCons: A Comprehensive End-to-End Benchmark for Cloud Resource Consolidation Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-03T14:28:31.531010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

Observation b3e991ed-5a0a-4e00-bb72-61c0906a10d3 · inbound

Probabilistic Low-Voltage Peak Load Forecasting with Time Series Foundation Models Evaluated on Application-Oriented Metrics cites this paper.

Probabilistic Low-Voltage Peak Load Forecasting with Time Series Foundation Models Evaluated on Application-Oriented Metrics Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-03T17:28:44.075241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.