Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 49 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2305.14342.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:18:01.465897Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-09T17:36:25.374536Z
0 of 0 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.
Observation 6704f74b-430b-4ac6-aabf-bd407257fa08 · inbound
MARS: Unleashing the Power of Variance Reduction for Training Large Models Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d60d0ddb-4d26-45c6-a4b3-b4e4c5826b3a · inbound
HELENE: Hessian Layer-wise Clipping and Gradient Annealing for Accelerating Fine-tuning LLM with Zeroth-order Optimization Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation aed8cdd0-072e-4cdc-8d38-e525c030185c · inbound
An Enhanced Levenberg--Marquardt Method via Gram Reduction Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 816c38e3-096c-4bc3-8bd0-0af2dfd509f5 · inbound
SWAN: SGD with Normalization and Whitening Enables Stateless LLM Training Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d72f25a4-55e2-4c77-a360-1ff99fd6cf31 · inbound
Open Problems in Machine Unlearning for AI Safety Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 77
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f13b28c7-d635-4820-bafe-ead489f3cdae · inbound
Physics of Skill Learning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ce8f0f0-0954-4e5e-90e8-879eb8ae34cf · inbound
Explicit Eigenvalue Regularization Improves Sharpness-Aware Minimization Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d1ff73d5-fed1-4f72-bc32-107140871d21 · inbound
Spectral-factorized Positive-definite Curvature Learning for NN Training Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7e82254b-2dae-417a-a908-44bf23178cdc · inbound
Improving Adaptive Moment Optimization via Preconditioner Diagonalization Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 28103d01-4a27-4def-af13-4ab16277a96d · inbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 53b5ac0a-c32a-4cdf-9c2f-5000aebe686b · inbound
HessFormer: Hessians at Foundation Scale Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f92b09ec-4ed6-42b5-a8d8-cd983770081c · inbound
A Physics-Inspired Optimizer: Velocity Regularized Adam Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 79d2afd9-892c-4856-80e5-74ea0ec09f49 · inbound
A Physics-Inspired Optimizer: Velocity Regularized Adam Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 2009
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d5a6cc2-5fce-499b-b2a9-d380d7eddbc3 · inbound
AdamS: Momentum Itself Can Be A Normalizer for LLM Pretraining and Post-training Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 41d1d060-2d07-4b60-82c3-1d07c83b3c6b · inbound
Accelerated Training of Federated Learning via Second-Order Methods Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 103
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f061df55-1140-45c8-8105-1c0ed0ec6369 · inbound
Stochastic Diagonal Estimation Based on Matrix Quadratic Form Oracles Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 15
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d489ca37-7038-47a4-bbe0-bc28e55b7f10 · inbound
Position: Machine Learning Conferences Should Establish a "Refutations and Critiques" Track Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8a4e6230-10b8-41d4-9d9c-120d5a4c958b · inbound
SoftSignSGD(S3): An Enhanced Optimizer for Practical DNN Training and Loss Spikes Minimization Beyond Adam Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8ff146d4-94b4-4b36-9368-70d78bbf45b9 · inbound
DNT: a Deeply Normalized Transformer that can be trained by Momentum SGD Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 2024
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bd57ed43-8e23-4aee-b56d-253bba041ffb · inbound
Sketched Gaussian Mechanism for Private Federated Learning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6d51b4e2-2428-4ea0-835e-65e80319d235 · inbound
On the Convergence of Muon and Beyond Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation fa4a4d9d-b91c-4d2b-a413-ad83348928b1 · inbound
CR-Net: Scaling Parameter-Efficient Training with Cross-Layer Low-Rank Structure Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 524fef99-d863-46aa-929b-efe21266c15b · inbound
Downgrade to Upgrade: Optimizer Simplification Enhances Robustness in LLM Unlearning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4162e015-673a-42ae-bd0b-59b21bd62987 · inbound
GraphMind: Theorem Selection and Conclusion Generation Framework with Dynamic GNN for LLM Reasoning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c1581cf0-e851-440d-acb1-cb73c7511f13 · inbound
Self-Organizing Dual-Buffer Adaptive Clustering Experience Replay (SODACER) for Safe Reinforcement Learning in Optimal Control Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 20291dcc-a6e8-4039-9249-45414dc50937 · inbound
Depth, Not Data: An Analysis of Hessian Spectral Bifurcation Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7cb9d17c-2b5d-4eec-bab4-aafb3d5eabbc · inbound
Depth, Not Data: An Analysis of Hessian Spectral Bifurcation Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f65aeb92-3dfa-4e91-9a24-53946232c73b · inbound
HTMuon: Improving Muon via Heavy-Tailed Spectral Correction Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation abd7b83e-755f-4e06-9d4e-7809f7361549 · inbound
FLeX: Fourier-based Low-rank EXpansion for multilingual transfer Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1e31ab96-ce91-475e-8898-20a5a0dda58d · inbound
STQuant: Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Framework for Optimizer Quantization in Large Multimodal Model Training Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 9c0dcc7e-ec11-4da9-9feb-eea5c9b0be8a · inbound
Representation-Guided Parameter-Efficient LLM Unlearning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 96
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ddde0999-e6c4-457f-a4b9-87ec3efecd8e · inbound
AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d0f2b442-edfd-42e7-a38a-27a19a23f2c2 · inbound
Anon: Extrapolating Adaptivity Beyond SGD and Adam Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0d7a88ee-e398-474d-910f-ddad5766b1cb · inbound
Fast Gauss-Newton for Multiclass Cross-Entropy Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b4d6b4c9-d03d-450e-aa4d-4cd04cb06175 · inbound
When Descent Is Too Stable: Event-Triggered Hamiltonian Learning to Optimize Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 38f7f36c-4495-4e6c-9046-1dc5bab39699 · inbound
OrScale: Orthogonalised Optimization with Layer-Wise Trust-Ratio Scaling Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 768681cb-4d85-4433-b1de-9f55c8b3656a · inbound
Position: Zeroth-Order Optimization in Deep Learning Is Underexplored, Not Underpowered Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a70a80e3-06e8-4f18-8e64-1e9c65c9463f · inbound
TBP-mHC: full expressivity for manifold-constrained hyper connections through transportation polytopes Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e278e906-69ee-4b96-b4e4-31171763cf2e · inbound
Why SGD is not Brownian Motion: A New Perspective on Stochastic Dynamics Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 153
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dd4ffc87-30e8-45ae-ae74-045f5c499fc3 · inbound
MAdam: Metric-Aware Multi-Objective Adam Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0f5bdaee-8582-4180-a923-3c8dd4fa77e6 · inbound
Why Muon Outperforms Adam: A Curvature Perspective Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 103
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 23065f76-49d6-41ff-ae8e-b74256f84141 · inbound
Nonreversible Gauge Fields in Fokker--Planck Dynamics: Supersymmetric Hamiltonians and Learned Finite Forces Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dd75d8df-e762-4841-adeb-7804f04027d1 · inbound
Zeta: Dual Whitening for Matrix Optimization via Coordinate-Adaptive Preconditioning Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 639c8233-e634-4a3b-9ac5-2cc2e2935678 · inbound
Training for the Model You Return: Improving Optimization for Iterate-Averaged Language Models Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 65aa25fd-9971-43bd-aad9-911f003c6835 · inbound
Training for the Model You Return: Improving Optimization for Iterate-Averaged Language Models Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a5c9ca12-1df1-4865-8c30-f836d80cec43 · inbound
Curvature-Weighted Gradient Diversity: A Noise Measure for Geometry-Adaptive SGD Schedules Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ad27b670-2eea-4251-82d4-ef71158d43d9 · inbound
Causal Optimizer Interaction Calculus: Hidden Geometric Relaxation and Identifiable Interventions Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 78
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 72064397-e298-4e98-bb53-26beab5072c7 · inbound
Causal Optimizer Interaction Calculus: Hidden Geometric Relaxation and Identifiable Interventions Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 163
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a0823259-c6e0-43b6-be8a-72bef1918ab1 · inbound
OPTScientist: Multi-Agent Discovery of Typed Optimizer Programs for Transformer Pretraining Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 2024
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.