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Physics-Informed Global Extraction of the Universal Small-x Dipole Amplitude

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arxiv 2603.08008 v2 pith:IGZXVY3Y submitted 2026-03-09 hep-ph hep-exnucl-exnucl-th

Physics-Informed Global Extraction of the Universal Small-x Dipole Amplitude

classification hep-ph hep-exnucl-exnucl-th
keywords amplitudedipolesmall-universalcharmconstrainedfittedglobal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We extract the universal small-$x$ dipole scattering amplitude $N(r,x_B)$ from a global analysis based on a physics-informed neural network (PINN), without imposing a priori MV-type parametrization of the initial condition. The network provides a smooth and differentiable surrogate for $N(r,x_B)$, whose rapidity dependence is constrained by the collinearly improved Balitsky--Kovchegov evolution equation, while its functional form is simultaneously constrained by Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) data for the reduced total and charm cross sections, exclusive $J/\psi$ photoproduction measurements, and a positivity requirement for the momentum-space dipole amplitude. The resulting single universal amplitude consistently describes all fitted observables within a unified framework, alleviating the long-standing tension between total and charm channels encountered in conventional small-$x$ fits based on rigid parametric ans\"atze. Within the fitted kinematic domain, the best extracted PINN solution yields a smooth, non-negative momentum-space dipole over the full transverse-momentum range examined. Our results provide a robust and well-behaved input for Color Glass Condensate phenomenology across a broad class of high-energy processes.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Sub-eikonal stress and model dependence of the small-$x$ gluon D-term

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The gluon D-term at small x is a next-to-eikonal stress observable whose sign is not determined by the dipole or saturation profile.

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  3. Unbiased Data-Driven Determination of the Nuclear Dipole Amplitude in the Color Glass Condensate

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    The 208Pb dipole amplitude is learned from R_pPb and coherent J/ψ photoproduction data with the BK equation embedded in training, giving Q²_s0(Pb)/Q²_s0(p) = 3.17 and an MV-type initial condition.

  4. Simultaneous Color Glass Condensate fit to deep inelastic scattering and forward hadron production at HERA, RHIC, and the LHC

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A simultaneous LO CGC/BK fit to HERA DIS and RHIC/LHC forward hadron production reaches χ²/dof≈1, with complementary constraints and RHIC K-factors roughly twice those at the LHC.

  5. Sub-eikonal stress and model dependence of the small-$x$ gluon D-term

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    The small-x gluon D-term is a next-to-eikonal stress probe and is not fixed by the leading-eikonal dipole or saturation profile alone.

  6. Confronting Color Glass Condensate at next-to-leading order with HERA data

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A Bayesian global fit at full NLO+NLL accuracy extracts the posterior distribution for the non-perturbative initial condition of the NLO Balitsky-Kovchegov equation from HERA inclusive and charm data.