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arxiv: 2604.09350 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-10 · 🌀 gr-qc

Recognition: 3 theorem links

· Lean Theorem

Gravitational Memory from Hairy Binary Black Hole Mergers

Silvia Gasparotto , Jann Zosso , Llibert Arest\'e Sal\'o , Daniela D. Doneva , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 17:44 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌀 gr-qc
keywords gravitational memoryscalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravitybinary black holesgravitational wavesmodified gravitynumerical relativityHorndeski theory
0
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The pith

Gravitational memory from binary black hole mergers differs from general relativity by a few percent in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper calculates gravitational memory effects in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity using complete waveforms from binary black hole mergers. It shows that changes to the memory come mostly from how the merger dynamics change in this theory, rather than direct contributions from the scalar field. This difference reaches a few percent for the largest cases studied, and including the memory effect makes the waveforms from this theory stand out more from general relativity ones. Such calculations matter because memory provides a new way to test strong-field gravity with future gravitational wave detectors, particularly for lower-mass systems.

Core claim

Starting from general memory formulas in Horndeski gravity, explicit expressions for the tensor null memory in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory are derived in terms of spin-weighted spherical harmonics. These are then evaluated on existing numerical-relativity waveforms for shift-symmetric and dynamically scalarizing binary black hole mergers. The dominant effect is an indirect modification of the tensor memory through changes in the nonlinear merger dynamics, while the direct scalar contribution remains suppressed by orders of magnitude.

What carries the argument

Tensor null memory formulas derived from Horndeski gravity and evaluated on numerical-relativity waveforms of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet binary mergers.

If this is right

  • The final memory amplitude differs from the GR prediction by a few percent for the largest deviations in the dataset.
  • The difference reaches up to about 4 percent when compared to the GR template that minimizes waveform mismatch.
  • Including memory increases the mismatch between GR and scalar-Gauss-Bonnet waveforms by more than an order of magnitude.
  • Memory supplies complementary information for testing gravity with third-generation detectors, especially for low-mass binaries.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Detector analyses that omit memory could miss part of the distinguishability between general relativity and modified-gravity models.
  • The same indirect-dynamics mechanism could produce larger memory shifts in other theories with stronger scalar-field couplings during merger.
  • Memory measurements from future low-mass events might constrain the parameters of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet models independently of the oscillatory waveform.

Load-bearing premise

The existing numerical-relativity waveforms for scalar-Gauss-Bonnet mergers fully capture the scalar field and tensor dynamics relevant to memory without missing key contributions.

What would settle it

Direct comparison of the computed memory amplitude from these waveforms against gravitational-wave observations from a merger showing a deviation larger than a few percent from GR predictions.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.09350 by Daniela D. Doneva, Jann Zosso, Llibert Arest\'e Sal\'o, Silvia Gasparotto, Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Gravitational waveforms for a near-equal-mass binary in GR and shift-symmetric sGB gravity with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Scalar field and energy fluxes for the same [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Tensor memory for different mass ratios at fixed coupling [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Equal-mass binary in GR and sGB gravity exhibiting dynamical scalarization with quadratic coupling [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Left: Maximum value of the scalar charge φ00 for the different simulations, corresponding to different values of the coupling parameter β. Right: Relative difference (in percent, left y-axis) in the tensor memory sourced by the h22 mode, together with the final amplitude of the memory generated by φ22 (right y-axis), shown as a function of the scalar charge. Both quantities exhibit the same scaling with th… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Mismatch between GR and non-GR waveforms for the system in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Mismatch results similar to Fig [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_7.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Gravitational-wave memory is a low-frequency, non-oscillatory component of the radiation field that provides a potentially powerful but as yet undetected probe of strong-field gravity. We present the first calculation of gravitational memory from full inspiral--merger--ringdown waveforms in a theory beyond general relativity, focusing on scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity as a theoretically well-motivated and numerically accessible extension of GR. Starting from the general memory formulas in Horndeski gravity, we derive explicit spin-weighted spherical-harmonic expressions for the tensor null memory in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory and evaluate them on existing numerical-relativity waveforms for both shift-symmetric and dynamically scalarizing binary black hole mergers. We find that the dominant effect is an indirect modification of the tensor memory through changes in the nonlinear merger dynamics, while the direct scalar contribution to the tensor memory remains suppressed by orders of magnitude for the systems considered in this work. For the largest deviations in our dataset, the final memory amplitude differs from the corresponding GR prediction by a few percent and by up to $\sim 4\%$ when compared to the GR template that minimizes the waveform mismatch in a detector-oriented analysis. We further show that including memory increases the mismatch between GR and scalar-Gauss-Bonnet waveforms by more than an order of magnitude, indicating that memory can provide complementary information for testing gravity with third-generation detectors, especially for low-mass binaries.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The paper derives explicit spin-weighted spherical-harmonic expressions for tensor null memory in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity from the general Horndeski memory formulas. These are evaluated on existing numerical-relativity waveforms for shift-symmetric and dynamically scalarizing binary black hole mergers. The central claims are that indirect modifications to the tensor memory via altered nonlinear merger dynamics dominate over direct scalar contributions (suppressed by orders of magnitude), that final memory amplitudes differ from GR predictions by a few percent (up to ~4% versus mismatch-minimizing GR templates), and that including memory increases the GR-sGB waveform mismatch by more than an order of magnitude, positioning memory as a complementary probe for third-generation detectors.

Significance. If the results hold, this constitutes the first explicit memory calculation in a beyond-GR theory using complete inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms. It provides concrete evidence that memory can furnish independent information for strong-field gravity tests, especially for low-mass binaries. The approach of applying general Horndeski formulas to independently generated NR waveforms is a methodological strength, as it avoids self-consistent fitting or circularity.

major comments (1)
  1. The quantitative results (few-percent deviations, ~4% template difference, order-of-magnitude mismatch increase) rest on the accuracy of the pre-existing NR waveforms for extracting the DC memory offset. The manuscript should include or cite dedicated convergence tests for the time-integrated strain (finite-radius extraction, resolution, gauge stability), as memory is known to be sensitive to low-frequency numerical artifacts that standard NR setups may not control. Without this, attribution of the reported differences to physical beyond-GR effects rather than numerics cannot be considered secure.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our work and for the constructive comment on numerical convergence. We address the major point below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The quantitative results (few-percent deviations, ~4% template difference, order-of-magnitude mismatch increase) rest on the accuracy of the pre-existing NR waveforms for extracting the DC memory offset. The manuscript should include or cite dedicated convergence tests for the time-integrated strain (finite-radius extraction, resolution, gauge stability), as memory is known to be sensitive to low-frequency numerical artifacts that standard NR setups may not control. Without this, attribution of the reported differences to physical beyond-GR effects rather than numerics cannot be considered secure.

    Authors: We agree that dedicated attention to low-frequency convergence is important for memory calculations. The NR waveforms used here are taken from previously published simulations of shift-symmetric and dynamically scalarizing sGB binaries. Those works report convergence tests with respect to resolution, extraction radius, and gauge choices for the strain. In the revised manuscript we will add citations to these tests together with a short methods paragraph describing the memory extraction (late-time averaging after subtracting oscillatory content and cross-checks across available extraction radii). The reported few-percent deviations exceed the numerical uncertainties quoted in the original NR papers, supporting a physical interpretation. We view this as a partial revision that incorporates the referee's suggestion via citation and discussion rather than new simulations. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: general Horndeski formulas applied to independent NR waveforms

full rationale

The derivation begins with general memory formulas in Horndeski gravity (standard literature starting point), derives explicit tensor null memory expressions specific to scalar-Gauss-Bonnet, and evaluates them directly on pre-existing numerical-relativity waveforms for binary black hole mergers. No parameters are fitted to the memory output, no self-citation chain supplies the load-bearing uniqueness or ansatz, and the distinction between indirect dynamical effects and suppressed direct scalar contributions follows from the evaluation on independent data without reduction to the inputs by construction. The result remains falsifiable against external NR benchmarks and detector-oriented mismatch calculations.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the applicability of Horndeski memory formulas to scalar-Gauss-Bonnet and on the fidelity of pre-existing NR waveforms; no new free parameters are introduced by this work.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption General memory formulas derived in Horndeski gravity apply without modification to scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory.
    The paper starts from these formulas to derive explicit spin-weighted spherical-harmonic expressions.
  • domain assumption The provided numerical-relativity waveforms fully and accurately represent the inspiral-merger-ringdown dynamics including scalar field effects.
    The memory is evaluated directly on these existing waveforms for both shift-symmetric and dynamically scalarizing cases.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5574 in / 1587 out tokens · 85426 ms · 2026-05-10T17:44:43.699191+00:00 · methodology

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Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Scalar memory from compact binary coalescences

    gr-qc 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    In Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the change in scalar charge during binary black hole mergers generates a scalar memory contribution that modifies the total memory signal on observable timescales.

Reference graph

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