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Hydro-, Magnetohydro-, and Dust-Gas Dynamics of Protoplanetary Disks

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arxiv 2203.09821 v1 pith:2EG5EMBP submitted 2022-03-18 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR

classification astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
keywords disksdustdynamicsinstabilitiesprotoplanetaryturbulencewindsaccreted
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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The building of planetary systems is controlled by the gas and dust dynamics of protoplanetary disks. While the gas is simultaneously accreted onto the central star and dissipated away by winds, dust grains aggregate and collapse to form planetesimals and eventually planets. This dust and gas dynamics involves instabilities, turbulence and complex non-linear interactions which ultimately control the observational appearance and the secular evolution of these disks. This chapter is dedicated to the most recent developments in our understanding of the dynamics of gaseous and dusty disks, covering hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, gas-dust instabilities, dust clumping and disk winds. We show how these physical processes have been tested from observations and highlight standing questions that should be addressed in the future.

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Forward citations

Cited by 21 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 54 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. A Radially Resolved Magnetic Field Threading the Disk of TW Hya

    astro-ph.EP 2025-09 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    A magnetic field of roughly 10 mG is detected between 60 and 120 au in the TW Hya disk via Zeeman-induced differential broadening of CN hyperfine lines.

  2. Active Galactic Nucleus Tori: Potential Birthplace to Millions of Planets

    astro-ph.EP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Streaming instability in magnetized AGN dust tori can yield tens of millions of planetary-mass objects per AGN, some formed directly above the hydrogen-burning limit.

  3. Developing a Non-Newtonian Fluid Model for Dust, for Application to Astrophysical Flows

    astro-ph.EP 2024-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Collisionless dust in turbulent gas is derived as a 6D anisotropic Maxwell fluid whose rheological stress tensor is dynamically important in accretion discs.

  4. Accretion across scales: streamers, surface-layer transport, and rapid replenishment in young protoplanetary discs

    astro-ph.EP 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cloud-fed ideal-MHD zoom-in simulations of nine young stars show discs are replenished on ~10,000-year timescales via surface-layer accretion and can be truncated by massive streamers.

  5. JWST/MIRI Detection of Molecular H$_2$ Winds from an Edge-on Class II Source HV Tau C

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The edge-on Class II disk HV Tau C hosts a spatially extended, wide-angled molecular hydrogen wind with warm (~600 K) and hot (~2000 K) components and a mass-loss rate near 1e-8 solar masses per year.

  6. Magnetohydrodynamical opening of dust traps in protoplanetary disks

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Large-scale magnetic stresses can overwhelm the pressure-bump trap and force dust to drift inward, "opening" dust traps in wide, low-contrast rings.

  7. Dust and Gas Transport in Substructured Nonideal MHD Wind-Launching Disks with Embedded Planets

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In magnetized wind-launching disks, planet-opened gaps remain partially permeable: small grains and gas leak through, while large grains are filtered, making substructures regulators rather than barriers.

  8. The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): VII. Testing accretion mechanisms from disk population synthesis

    astro-ph.EP 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Population synthesis of ALMA disk masses and sizes favors MHD disk-wind-driven accretion over turbulence-driven accretion with photoevaporation.

  9. Capture and Escape of Planetary Mean-motion Resonances in Turbulent Discs

    astro-ph.EP 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Active disc turbulence raises equilibrium eccentricities and overstability growth rates in mean-motion resonances, causing migrating planet pairs to escape toward tighter resonances.

  10. exoALMA IV: Substructures, Asymmetries, and the Faint Outer Disk in Continuum Emission

    astro-ph.EP 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A homogeneous 15-disk ALMA continuum analysis quantifies disk asymmetries with a new index, links strong asymmetries to inner-disk accretion and NIR excess, and shows that larger disks taper more slowly at their outer edges.

  11. Compact protoplanetary discs can be produced by dead zones

    astro-ph.EP 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fragile dust destroyed beyond a dead zone limits mm-dust emission to the dead zone radius, naturally producing the compact discs seen around young stars.

  12. Investigating the Bouncing Barrier with Collision Simulations of Compressed Dust Aggregates

    astro-ph.EP 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Collision simulations show that compressed dust aggregates bounce above a mass threshold that scales as impact velocity to the -4/3 power and drops sharply with packing fraction.

  13. Observational Signatures of Disk Winds in Protoplanetary Disks: Differentiating Magnetized and Photoevaporative Outflows With Fully Coupled Thermochemistry

    astro-ph.EP 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Magnetized and photoevaporative protoplanetary disk winds produce distinguishable CO and [C I] emission signatures, with magnetized winds super-Keplerian and photoevaporative winds sub-Keplerian.

  14. Shedding light on the origin of the broken misaligned circumtriple disk around GW Ori

    astro-ph.EP 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GW Ori's disk only breaks in simulations when it is unusually thin; at the estimated typical thickness, the stars alone cannot explain the observed gap, favoring circumtriple planets.

  15. Dust Growth in Binary Systems: Inhibition of dust settling and growth in circumbinary discs

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dust grains in circumbinary discs end up five times smaller than in single-star discs, and the conditions for streaming-instability clumping are not met, arguing against in-situ planet formation there.

  16. Local three-dimensional simulations of the convective overstability in protoplanetary discs

    astro-ph.EP 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    The manuscript's abstract describes a protoplanetary disc simulation study, but the body is a mathematics paper on Prandtl spirals, so the claimed results are unsupported.

  17. Ionized gas emission in protoplanetary disks with the SKAO

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Synthetic SKA-Mid observations of simulated MHD and photoevaporative disk winds show that free-free emission is detectable in hours and stacked hydrogen recombination lines are spectrally resolvable in ~10 hours.

  18. Connecting Planetary Composition with Formation: a New Paradigm Emerges

    astro-ph.EP 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    A synthesis review argues that MHD disk winds, not turbulence, dominate disk evolution and planet formation, linking observed disk structures to exoplanet composition and orbits.

  19. An Introduction to Dust Evolution and Vertical Transport in Protoplanetary Disks

    astro-ph.SR 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 1.0 of 10

    A tutorial that reviews the physics and observational methods for measuring dust sizes and vertical settling in protoplanetary disks.

  20. Circumstellar and circumbinary discs in multiple stellar systems

    astro-ph.EP 2025-01 conditional novelty 1.0 of 10

    This review consolidates current knowledge on how stellar multiplicity shapes protoplanetary disc structure, dust evolution, and planet formation outcomes.

  21. Planet formation theory: an overview

    astro-ph.EP 2024-12 accept

    A review of the current theoretical understanding of planet formation, covering disk evolution, dust growth, planetesimal formation, core accretion, and planetary system dynamics.

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